LO<l>OKAEOUHAEKTPA 32-37

:

MIA TIEPITITOLH EAEY8EPOY TIAAfIOY AOrOY

L't'YJ IlEAE't'YJ cxu'tYj Ocx 1tpO'tdvouIlE IlLCX AUO''YJ o-ro 1tPO~A'YJIlCX 1tOU CX1tOPPEEL CX1tO 't'YJ OLCX'tU1tWO''YJ 'tou O'0CPOXAELOU OPEO''t'YJ O'XE'tLXcX IlE 'to 1tEPLEXOIlEVO -cou CX1tOAAWVWU XP'YJ0'1l0U; aO'XEUOV CXtJ't<)V CxO'1tiowv 'tE xcxl O''tpcx'tou / 06- Aotat xAicfJcxt XEtpOc; €vo{xou mpcxyac; CHA. 36-37)1. To 1tPO~A'YJIlCX 1tOU E1tLO''YJllcxLVOUV OL IlEAE't'YJ'tEe; O'XE'tLSE'tCXL IlE 't'YJV CXVCX1tCXpcxywyYj-CXVCXIlE'tcXOOO''YJ 'tou CX1tOAAWVLOU XP'YJO'llou o'YJACXOYj -rou «CXAAO'tpLOU AOyoU» 0" EVCX XCXLVOUpyLO 1tACXLO'L02 XCXL dVCXL 'to EsYje;: 'to E1t£OE'tO €VOtXOC;, 1tOU xcx't0XUPWVEL 'YJOLXcX 't'YJ 1l'YJ'tPOX'tOVLCX, CX1tO'tEAd IlEpOe; -rou OE·LXOU ExCPwVYjllcx'toe; Yj O'UVLO''tcX cxSLOAOy'YJO''YJ 't'YJe; EXOLX'YJO''YJe; CX1tO -rov LOW -rov OPEO''t'YJ3;

H CX1tcXv't'YJO''YJ 0" cxu'to 'to Epw't'YJllcx 1tpOO'OLOPLSEL XCXL 't'YJ O''tcXO''YJ 'twv IlEAE't'YJ'tWV CX1tEVCXV'tL o-ro 1tPO~A'YJIlCX -rou 'tEAOUe; 'tou EpyOU XCXL O''t'YJv CXV'tLIlE'tW1tLO''YJ 't'YJe; 1l'YJ'tPOX'tOVLCXe; CX1tO 'tov LOcpOXAYj. Av 'YJ 1tpcXS'YJ 't'YJe; EXOLX'YJO''YJe;, 1tOU 1tEPLACXIl~cXVEL XCXL 't'YJ 1l'YJ'tPOX'tOVLCX, 1tpOO'OWPLSE'tCXL we; Evotxoc; CX1tO 'tov LOW 'to OEO A1tOAAWVCX, 'to'tE OEV 't£OE'tCXL 'YJ0LXO SYj't'YJIlCX XCXL 'YJ CX1tOUO'LCX 'twv EpLVUWV dVCXL CX1tOAU'tCX oLxCXLOAOY'YJIlEV'YJ4. IlLCXCPOPE'tLXcX, CXV 'YJ CXSWAO-

1. 'OAE:C; OL 1tapa1t0llm:c; 0",0 xdllE:\lO -eou LOCPOXA-f} d\laL a1t6 "'YJ\I EXC'iOOYJ ",W\I H. LloydJones & N. G. Wilson, Sophoclis Fabulae, Oxford 1990. L"'YJ\l1taAaL6",E:pYJ EXC'iOOYJ -eou XE:LIlE\IOU ° A. C. Pearson uwBE:",d "'YJ ypacp-f} iv15{xouC; arpayac;. 00",600, OE: xaBE: 1tE:PL1t",WOYJ ",0 E:pIlYJ\lW",LX6 1tp6~AYJlla 1tapaIlE\lE:L. [La ",0 1tp6~AYJlla "'ou XPYJollou ~A. D. A. Hester, «Some Deceptive Oracles: Sophocles, Electra 32- 37., Antichthon 15 (1981) 15-25.

2. [La "'YJ /'iLa",u1twoYJ 1tOU XPYJaLll01tOLOUIlE: E:C'iw xaBwc; xaL YLa ",0 1tE:PLE:X61lE:\l0 "'OU 6pou «aH6",pwc; MyoC;. ~A. BaAE:,,",L\I N. BOAOOL\lOCP, MapSLal-loC; xaL cPu.oaorp{a "'l']C; yAwaaac;. Ta (3aaexa 1tpo{3A"1jl-laTa Tl']C; XOLVWVWAOYLX"1jC; 1-IE:8015ou aTl']v E:maT"Tjl-ll'] Tl']C; YAwaaac;, 1tp6AOY0C; - Il"'CPp. B. AAE:SLOU, A6Yj\la 1998, 0.253. '01tWC; Ba cpa\ld xaL O"'YJ\I a\laAUOYJ 1tOU axoAouBd «0 aH6",pwc; MyoC; xaL ",0 1tAaLOW a\la1tapaywyYjc; -eou C'iE:\I d\laL 1tapa OL 6pOL IlLac; C'iU\laIlLX-f}C; aIlOL~aLac; 0XEOYJC;» (BOAOOL\lOCP, 6.1t., a, 261).

3. BA.]. H. Kells, Sophocles Electra, Cambridge 1973, a, 82 ad 35ff: «We do not know (from the structure of the sentence) whether it was the oracle which called the proposed killing lV15LXOL, or whether XE:LPOC; iv15{xouC; arpayac; (sic) represents Orestes' own words and Orestes' own estimation of the killing (which he assumed the oracle would agree with)», xaL Ch. P. Segal, Tragedy and Civilization. An Interpretation of Sophocles, Cambridge, Mass. 1981, o , 280. E1tLoYJC; ~A. R. Kitzinger, «Why mourning becomes Electra», CIAnt 10 (1991) 303 0YJIl. 17.

4. BA. ]. C. Kamerbeek, The Plays of Sophocles. Part V: The Electra, Leiden 1974, o, 25 ad 33: «It is a sophism to argue, as sometimes is done, that in this way the poet intended to clear the

8

yLXYj XpCO'Y] tVO{XOU X€'PO~ 1tpOOi5WPLSEL 't'Y]V 1tpOOwmxYj o'tao'Y] 'tOU Opt- 0't'Y] cmtvaV'tL O't'Y]V Exi5tX'Y]O'Y], 'Y] (l'Y]'tpox'tov[a i5EV xa't0xupWVE'taL 'Y]SLxa a1to 'tOV A1toAAwva5.

A1to ''t'Y]v 1tpOAoyLXYj pYjO'Y] 'tOU naLi5aywyou ytVE'taL oacptc; O'tL 'Y] ccrto(laxpuvo'Y] -cou Opto't'Y] a1to 'tOV Xwpo EX'ttAEO'Y]C; -cou cpovou -rou 1ta'ttpa -rou (o-r. 10-13: 7ro).v([J8opov6 T€ oW[.J.a ndomowv TO&, / 88€v O€ 7raTpO~ tx ([Jovwv tyw 7rOT€ / 7rPO~ oYi~ ouaiuoo xa2 xaatyv>7'tl']~ ).a{3wv / i]v€yxa) i5EV OUVE1taYE'taL XaL a1to(laxpuvo'Y] 'tou veou a1to 't'Y]V «Li5EOAOY[W> -cou cpovou, acpou 0 o'toxoC; 't'Y]C; ava'tpocpYjc; -rou dVaL va Y[VEL 7raTp2 Tt[.J.WPO~ ([JOVOU (o-r. 14). 0 ~aaLx6c; (l'Y]xaVL0(loc; 1tOU XP'Y]aL(lo1tDLd 0 1tDL'Y]'tYjC; YLa va oUVi5toEL 't'Y] (lEAAOV'tLXYj 1tpOO1t'tLXYj -cou Opto't'Y] (lE 'to acpE't'Y]pLaxo o'Y](ldo 1tOU 'to1toSE'td'taL o-ro 1tapEASov dVaL 'Y] E1taVaA'Y]4>'Y]: rccctooc; tx ([Jovwv - ttcctpt -tuuopov tpovou 7. OO'tooo, O'tOV cpovo -rou 1ta'ttpa, 1tOU 1tpO~aAAEL (lE OA'Y] 't'Y]V w(lo't'Y]'ta EVOC; xowou EyxAYj(la'toc;, aV'tL1tapa'tC8E'taL 0 'Y]SLxa Em~E~A'Y](ltvoc; cpOVOC; 1tOU Sa i5La1tpaSEL 0 Opto't'Y]C;, cpOVOC; 0 01toCOC; EV'taOOE'taL o-ro ouo't'Y](la a1toxa'tao'tao'Y]C; XaL i5La'tYjp'Y]O'Y]C; 't'Y]C; Tt[.J.Yi~ -rou otxou (Tt[.J.Wp6V)B.

god of any responsibility for the matricide: ivo{xouC; belongs to the words of the oracle», Xal B. Alexanderson, «On Sophocles' Electra», C&M 27 (1966) 81: «No doubt ivo{xouC; acpayac; belongs to the oracular response and not to some interpretation of it by Orestes. The Orestes it is so evident that he must take revenge that the question is only how. That this opinion of his is the right one is shown by iv&xouC;».

5. BA. J. T. Sheppard, <<Electra: A Defence of Sophocles», CR 41 (1927) 2-9, xaL -rou U5wu, «Electra again», CR 41 (1927) 163-165. ITp~. R. P. Winnington-Ingram (fl'tcpP. N. K. Flcrpo- 7tOUAOe; - X. IT. <I>ap<xxAae;), rOcpOXA~C;. Epf.lY}ve:u'ttX~ n:poaiyytay}, A6~va 1999, a. 327, oreou axoAL<x~e:L 'tYJV <X7tOllJYJ 'tou Sheppard: </Ea'tw XL av 0 OpEa'tYJe; pW'tYJae: YLa 'ta flEaa xaL 6XL YLa -eov oxorro -roo e:yxe:i.p~fla't6e; -eou, oe:v flae; o(ve:'taL xavEvae; A6yoC; vo: U7t06Eaoufle: 6'tL 0 6e:6e; oe:v e:VEXPLVe: 'tov oxorro ~ ax6flYJ xoa 6'tL OL 6e:OL -roo LOCPOXA~ oe:v e:LVal 7tLaW a7t6 'tYJV legem talionis». BA. e:7tLaYJe; D. A. Hester, 6.7t., 16, 18-25, orroo axoAL<x~e:L 'tLe; a7t6<jJe:Le; -rou Sheppard. fLa flLa e:max67tYJaYJ rtov e:pflYJVe:u'tLXWV 7tPO~AYJfl<X'twv 'tou op<Xfla'tOe; xaL 'twv Auae:wv 1tOU 7tpo'te:LVov'taL ~A. J. H. Kells, 6.7t., 1-12, xaL M. Annette Harder, «"Right" and "Wrong" in the Electras», Hermathena 159 (1995) 27, 30 aYJfl. 15,31 aYJfl. 16.

6. BA. apx. LX6AW ad 10: n:OAUCP()Opov iv i[J n:oAAat cp()opat xat cpo VOl iyivoV"Co (P. N.

Papageorgius [ed.], Scholia in Sophoclis Tragoedias Vetera, Lipsiae 1888).

7. H aYJflaaLa -rcov Ae:X'tLXWV e:7taVaA~<jJe:wv a'tYJ OLe:pe:uvYJaYJ 'tYJe; 7tp66e:aYJe; -rou LOCPOXA~ EXe:L avayvwpLa6d a7t6 'toue; fle:Ae:'tYJn:e;. BA. 'to aYJflav'tLX6 <xp6po 'tYJe; P. E. Easterling, «Repetition in Sophocles», Hermes 101 (1973) 14-34, xoa ]. Daly, Horizontal Resonance as a Principle of Composition in the Plays of Sophocles, N. York - London 1990, a. 1, orrou auv1>te:L 'tYJv e:7taV<xAYJ<jJYJ fle: 'tYJ auyypacpLx~ 7tp66e:aYJ.

8. fLa 'to aYJflaaLOAoYLX6 7te:PLe:X6fle:vo 'tYJe; MSYJe; 'tLflWp6e; ~A. F. Bader, «Ephore, pylore, theore: les composes grecs en -opoe;, -oup6e;, -wp6e;», RPh 46 (1972) 208-212 X<XL xup(we; 208, o reou 'tOV(~e:L 7tWe; YJ AtSYJ 7tpoaowp(~e:L «celui qui veille sur la 'tLfl~, c'est-a-dire sur la dignire d'origine divine, conferee par Ie sort a un personnage royal et qui comprend des privileges de respect et des redevances marerielles, qu'il s'agit de defendre soir preventivernent (d'ou le sens de protecteur, defenseur), soit contre les attaques subies (d'ou Ie sens de vengeur)». BA. e:7t(aYJe; Ma(-

LOcpoxAtouc; HJ..iwrpa 32-37: Mta TCe:pt1'C't"wo'Yj e:Ae:u8e:pou TCAeXYWU AOYOU 9

LUVE:7tWe;, xC(Swe; c(7t6 't'Y)v C(vC('tpoqnl 'tou 0 OpE<1't'Y)e; EXEL ij?>'Y) E[1.7tO'tLaSd [1.E 't'Y)V L?>WAOyiC( 't'Y)e; Ex?>ix'Y)a'Y)e; we; 7tpaS'Y)e; ?>LC('tijp'Y)a'Y)e; 't'Y)e; Tt(.1:9jt;9 ('Y) 'tL[1.wpiC( VOd'tc(L U7t6 't'Y) ?>L7tAij EVVOLC( we; 7tpaS'Y) Em~E~C(iw(j'Y)e; 't'Y)e; XOLVWVLXije; 'taS'Y)e; 'tOU OpE<1't'Y) Xc(L we; 7tpaS'Y) c(7toxC('ta<1'tC(a'Y)e; 't'Y)e; Tt[.l9jt; 'tOU VEXPOU 7tC('tEPc( 'tOUPO - apC( we; ?>iXc(L'Y)e; 7tpaS'Y)e; -, dVc(L c(u'tov6'Y)'t'Y) 'Y) ?>Lc('tu7twa'Y) -rou EPW'tij[1.c('toe; 7tOU C(7tWSUVEL 7tpOe; 'tov SE6 A7t6AAWVC(: tyw yap i}v{x' [x6[.lrJv TO nu8txov / [.lC(VTd'OV, Wt; [.1(x8ot[.l' OT~ Tp67t~ 7tc(Tpt /0{XC(t; apo{[.lrJv TWV <povEumxvTwv rrapC( (o-r, 32-34).

L't'Y)V 7tAaYLC( EPW't'Y)[1.c('tLXij 7tp6'tC(a'Y) OT~ Tp6rr~ rcavpt o{xC(t; apo{[.lrJv / TWV <pOVEUaaVTWV ttaoa (o-cov wSu A6yo SC( Lao?>uvC([1.ouaE [1.E T{Vt Tp6rr~ rrc(Tpl o{xC(t; apw[.lw / TWV <pOVEUaaVTWV rrapa)ll E7tc(VEPXOV'tc(L 6Ac( 'tc( a'tOLxdC( 't'Y)e; c(vc('tpo<pije; -cou, 67twe; 't'Y)V EXEL 7tpoa?>wpiaEL 0 Dc(L?>C(ywy6e;: (1) H xpija'Y) 't'Y)e; ?>O'tLxije; na-cot C(V'ti 't'Y)e; YEVLXije; rraTpOt; 7tC(PC(7tE[1.7tEL a't'Y)V C(V'tia'toLX'Y) ?>O'tLXij rraTpP2 -cou o-r. 14. (2) 0 OpEa't'Y)e;, 7tpoa?>wpisov'tC(e; 't'Y)V Ex?>ix'Y)a'Y) we; O{xat; (o-r, 34), 7tC(Pc(7tE[1.7tEL a't'Y) AES'Y) -tuuopov (o-r, 14) Xc(L a't'Y)V C(V'tia'toLX'Y) SE'tLXij c(swAOY'Y)aij 't'Y)e; Xc(L C(7tO?>ELXVUEL 6'tL EXEL E[1.7tE?>waEL'tC( ?>L?>ay[1.C('tc( 't'Y)e; C(\lC('tpotpije; 7tOU EAc(~E c(7t6 -cov Dc(L8C(ywy6. E?>w 'Y) O{xrJ 7tpoa?>wpiSEL 't'Y)v C(V'tC(7tO?>O'tLXij ?>LxC(waU\I'Y) 7tOU C(tpopa 'toue; tpO\lLa?>Ee; (TWV <pOVEUaaVTWV ttapa), E\lW 7tC(paAA'Y)Ac( 'Y) C(\laA'Y)tV'Y) -rou XC(Sijxov'toe; EX7tAijpwaije; 't'Y)e; C(7t6 -tov 0pEa't'Y) (apo{[.lrJv) Lao?>u\lC([1.d [1.E 7tpaS'Y) C(7t6?>oa'Y)e; 't'Y)e; OtpELAO[1.EV'Y)e; o{xrJt; 7tpOe; 'tov 7tC('tEPc( -cou (rraTpi) Xc(L EXEL 't'Y) a'Y)[1.C(aLC( 't'Y)e; c(7toxc('taa'tC(a'Y)e; 't'Y)e; vO[1.L[1.6't'Y)'tC(e;13. (3) ME 't'Y) xpija'Y)

PYJ Mav'd;wu, «H e:VVOla TYJe; T!/.J.ijt; OTYJV HAtxTpa TOU LOcpOXAYP>, Llwowv17 (<I>lAoAoYla) 23 (1994) 249-274, xaL xuplwe; J. Mossman, Wild Justice. A Study of Euripides' Hecuba, Oxford 1995, o, 171.

9. AUT~ YJ loe:oAoYla TYJe; e:xolxYJoYJe; a1tOTe:Ad TO paalXO plwfla TOU Ope:OTYJ xal OUve:1tWe; TO «CPOVTO 1tPOOAYJtjlYJe;» OTO 1tAalow TOU 01t010U OUVTe:AdTaL YJ 1tPOOAYJtjlYJ TOU XPYJoflou, YJ xaTavoYJoYJ xal YJ aSwMYYJo~ TOU. fla TYJV 0poAoYla PA. B. Boxootvoo, o.rr., o, 260.

10. fLa TO 1tAe:Yfla TWV U1t0Xpe:Woe:WV 1tOU ouve:1taye:TaL YJ tVVOla TYJe; Ttf1.ijt; OTO e:1tOe; PA.

A. W. H. Adkins, «Honour and Punishment in the Homeric Poems», BICS 7 (1960) 29, 01tOU YJ T!f1.7] 1tPOOOWpfSe:Tat we; xa6oplonxfj YLa TYJV XOlVWVlX~ 6toYJ xa6e:voe;, e:cpooov OUVLOTaTaL oe:

UAlXO 1tAOUTO, 1tOAlTlX~ e:1tlPPO~, oe:paoflo a1to TOUe; aAAOUe;. E1tloYJe; PA. N. Yamagata, Homeric Morality [Mnemosyne, suppl. 1311 Leiden - N. York - Koln 1994,00. 129 xal 137.

1 L fLa TYJ floPCP~ TYJe; 1tAaYlae; e:pwTYJflanx~e; 1tp6TaoYJe; OTOV e:u6u Myo Xat TOV oxe:nxo 1tpopAYJflaTloflo PA. R. C. Jebb, Sophocles. The Plays and Fragments, Part VI: The Electra, Amsterdam 1962 [= Cambridge 1894], o, 11 ad 32ff.

12. NOfla;w OTL YJ e:pflYJvda aUTl] e:VlOXUe:L TYJv a1totjlYJ e:xdvwv 1tOU mo6e:TouV OTOV OT. 33 TYJ ypacp~ rraTpl aVTl navpoc: fLa Ta e:1tlxe:lp~flaTa U1te:p TYJe; ypacp~e; aUT~e; PA. L. Campbell, Sophocles. The Plays and Fragments Edited with English Notes and Introductions, T. II, Hildesheim 1969 [= Oxford 1881], a, 135 ad 33, Xat J. C. Kamerbeek, o.rr., o, 25 ad 33.

13. fLa TO oYJflaowAoYlXO 1te:Ple:XOfle:vo TYJe; Ae:SYJe; O{X17 PA. M. Gagarin, «Dike in Works and Days», CPh 68 (1973) 81-94 (Yla TYJV e:TufloAoy(a TYJe; AtSYJe; PA. xup(we; 82, 01tOU olve:Tal Xat plpAwypacpla)' M. W. Dickie, «Dike as a Moral Term in Homer and Hesiod», CPh 73 (1978) 91·101 (xuplwe; 92, 01tOU avacpe:pe:Tal OTLe; a1totjle:le; TWV Adkins, Lloyd-Jones, Jaeger x.rr., ot

10

BeVY) rxa:o..-lj

't'YJe; cppcXo'YJe; TWV <poVe:UaaVTWV ttaoa (o-r. 34), Erra:va:cpEpEL o-ro rrpoO)olvw 't'YJv L5EOAoYLa: 'tou cpovou (o-r. 14: <pavou). ME 't'YJv Erra:vcXA'YJq,'YJ a:u't1j, 0 0- pEO't'YJe; Xa:eLO'tcX 'tOV AOYo 'tou «a:rr'YJX'YJ'tLxcX LOXUpO»l4, 5'YJAa:51j a:rrooxorrd va: 5'YJ!lWUpy1jOEL eE'tLXEe; EV'turrwoELe; O'tOV a:rr05Ex't'YJ 'tou (fla:L5a:ywyo)15 urr05ELxVUOV'tcXe; 'tou O'tL 'YJ 5La:'turrw0'YJ 'tou EPW't1j!la:'toe; rrpoe; 'tOV ArroAAwva: urra:yopEuE'ta:L a:rro 'tLe; rra:L5a:YWYLXEe; a:pXEe; -roo fla:L5a:ywyouI6•

H a:rrcXV't'YJo'YJ 'tou Arronwva: ELOcXYE'ta:L a:rro 'tov OpEO't'YJ we; E~1je;: xpfj fl.ot TotaDe' 0 <Poi(3oq wv rre:uaTJ TaXa (o-r. 35). H ana:y1j -rou ypa:!l!la:'tLXOU Xpovou a:rr6 a:OPLO'tO (tyw yap f}v(X' i x a fl. YJ v [ ... ] wq fl. a eo t fl.' OT~ Tparr~ [ ... ] a p 0 {fl. YJ v) OE EVEO'tW'ta: (LO't0PLXO EVEO'tW'ta:) xpfj !lE'ta:CPEPEL o-ro rra:pov 't'YJe; a:cp1jY'YJO'YJe; 'to XP'YJO!lO -rou Arr6nwva: Xa:L «rra:poV'torroLd» 'to rra:pEAeOv17• 00't000, 0 OpEO't'YJe;-a:cp'YJY'YJ't1je; 5EV rra:pa:eE'tEL a:u'tOUaLa: 'ta: AOYLa: -rou XP'YJO!lOU 'tou <l>OL~OU, a:ncX 5LVEL !lcXnOV !lLa: OUVoq,'YJ 'tWV ~a:aLXWV 'tou o'YJ!ldwv, orrwe; cpa:LVE'ta:L a:rro 't'YJ xp1jo'YJ 'tou TotaDe' (o-r. 35) Xa:L Totav& XPYJafl.0v eiorpcoiioauev (o-r. 38)18.

H xp1jo'YJ 't'YJe; a:V'tWVU!lLa:e; fl.ot (Xpfj fl.ot) 5dXVEL O'tL 'YJ a:cp1jy'YJo'YJ ea: ~E'tUALXed oU!lcpwva: !lE 't'YJv rrpoorr'tLx1j 'tou rrpw'ta:ywVLO't1j, 0 orcotoq AEL'toupyd we; EO'tLcXSov 1tpOOW1to. E1tLO'YJe;, 'YJ xp1jo'YJ 'tou rre:uaTJ 5'YJAwvEL O'tL 'YJ a:cp1jy'YJo'YJ U1tOXEL'ta:L o rov E~1je; 1tEpwpLO!l6: 0 5EX't'YJe; ea: 1tA'YJpocpop'YJed uovo ooa: 1tEPVOUV a:1t0 't'YJv a:V'tLA'YJq,'YJ 'tou 1tPW'ta:YWVLO't1j. H XP'YJaL!101tOL'YJO'YJ 'tou p1j!la:'toe; rruveave:aeat U1t05ELXVUEL O'tL 'to 1tA'YJpocpopLa:xo !lEpOe; 'tou edxou EXCPWv1j!la:'toe; (wv) !lE'ta:5L5E'ta:L !lEOW 'tou a:cp'YJy'YJ't1j 1tpcXY!la: 1tOU OUVE1tcX-

oxotor 7tpO~aAAOU\I ,0 'Y]6LXO 7te:PLe:X0!le:\lO ''Y]<; 8{x'f]~)' T. J. Saunders, Plato's Penal Code. Tradition, Controversy, and Refonn in Greek Penology, Oxford 1991, o, 36, XCXL I. r. KcxAaye:paxo<;, .Mx'f]~ DVOJ.lCX. Mcxo,aoe:L<; ''Y]<; 8{x'f]~ O''Y] !pLAOOO!plCX ,ou HpaxAe:L,OU», EM'f]v!xa 49 (1999) 225-243 (xup!w<; 225-227 XCXL 225 0'Y]!l. 3). EL<'hxo,e:pcx YLCX ,0 7te:PLe:x0!le:\lO ''Y]<; 8{x'f]~ O''Y]\I HAttXTpCX -eou LO!pOXAij ~A. Ch. P. Segal, «The Electra of Sophocles», TAPA 97 (1966) 536-54l.

14. fLCX ,0 7te:PLe:X0!le:\lO 'ou opou xcx6w<; XCXL YLCX ,'Y]\I «CX7t'Y]X'Y],LXij' CXSlCX ,ou AOYOU ye:\lLXO,e:pcx ~A. E. L. L,a6'Y]<;, ME:TP!CXoJ.l6~ XCX! E7tcxuS'f]o'f] ,ou A6you (<'ho. OLCX'p.), 8e:00CXAO\llX'Y] 1973,00.26-27, 80 XCXL o, 57 YLCX ''Y]\I e:7tCX\laA'Y]tV'Y] W<; CX7t'Y]X'Y],LXij !lE60oo.

15. Me: ''Y] OLCX,U7tW0'Y] ,ou 0,. 35 WV 7te:uon TaXCX, !le: ''Y]\I 07tOlCX O'Y]AW\le:,CXL ocx!pw<; ° [lCXLOCXYWYO<; W<; ° a!le:oo<; CX7tOOEX,'Y]<; ,ou A6you ,ou OPEO,'Y], e:\lLOXUe:,CXL 'Y] CX7t'Y]X'Y],LXij exom!lo,'Y]'cx 7tOU ,0\llOCX!le:.

16. BA. R. P. Winnington-Ingram, 0.7t., o, 318: </Ex0V'tcx<; CX\lCX,pcx!pe:L CX7tO ,0\1 [lCXLOCXYWYO !le: OX07tO \lCX e:XOLXijOe:L (sic) ,0\1 7tCX,EPCX ,OU, oe:\I e:LXe: cx\layx'Y] \lCX OU!l~OUAe:I),e:L ,0 !lCXV'te:LO 7tcxpa !l0\lO YLCX ,CX !lEOCX e:X7tAijpWO'Y]<; CXU,OU ,OU OX07tou».

1 7. H xpijo'Y] -eou e:\le:o,w,cx YLCX !lLCX 7tpas'Y] ,ou 7tcxpe:A60\l,0<; EXe:L LOLCXl,e:p'Y] O'Y]!lCXOlCX CX7tO cx!p'Y]Jf)!lCX,LXij a7t0tV'Y]. '07tw<; e:m0'Y]!lcx!\le:L ° M. Peri, «OL <l>W\lE<; 'ou Kcx~a!p'Y]», <I>!)'6)'oyo~ 15 (1986) 132: .0 e:\le:o,w,cx<; e:£\lCXL ° xwpo<; 07tOU ° cx!p'Y]Jf)-rl]<; [ ... ) OLCXOCX!p'Y]\ll~e:L ''Y]\I 7tCXPOUOlCX ,0U». BE~CXLCX ,0 U7tOXe:L!le:\lO ,ou pij!lcx,o<; xpii e:£\lCXL <I <l>0'if30~, CXAAa 'Y] 7tCXPOUOlCX ,ou <l>Ol~OU mO,07tOLe:l-rCXL !lEOW ,W\I AOYW\I -rou XP'Y]0!lou (xpij) 7tOU !le:,CX!pEPOV'tCXL CX7tO ,0\1 OPEO,'Y] cx!p'Y]Y'Y],ij (J.l0!).

18. fL' cxu,o ~A. J. H. Kells, 0.7t., o, 82 ad 35ff.

LO<POKAEOUC; HUxTpa 32-37: Mta 1te:p(rrtWo'Yj e:Ae:u8e:pou 1tAaytou ).6you 11

YE'tCtL 't'YJv 1tapE(..l~aO'Yj 'tou. 00''t00'0, 'to pYj(..la rruvOavEO'Oat Xp'YJO'L(..101tOLd'taL O'uxva (..lE 't'YJ O''YJ(..laO'ta "~'YJ'tW XP'YJ0'(..l0»19, YEYOVOe:; 1tOU 1tPOO'CW3EL O''t'YJv aCP'YJY'YJ(..la'tLXYj 1tapt(..l~aO''YJ 'tOU OptO''t'YJ tva status LO'oouVa(..lo (..lE 'to edxo ExcpWv'YJ(..la20.

H E1tLAOYYj 'tOU 1tAayLOu a1tapE(..lcpa'tLXOu A6you am) 'tov OpEO''t'YJ O''tOUe:; o-r, 3 6- 3 7 1tLO''to1tOLd 't'YJV 1tapE(..l~aO'Yj 'tou we:; acp'YJY'YJ'tYj: aO'xEuov aUTov aO'rri8wv TE xai a tparoi) / 80AotO't xAicfJat XEtpOr; iv8ixou (J(payar;. FlpoXEL'taL O''t'YJV ouot« YLa EAEUeEpO 1tAayLO AOYO (Ef1A), YLa'tt ULOeE'tounaL OL ypa(..l(..la'tLXOt 'tU1tOL -eou 1tAayLOu A6you (ro a1tapE(..lcpa'to dvaL (..lta a1to 'tLe:; (..l0pcpEe:; -eou 1tAayLOu A6YOU), aAAa Ad1tEL 'to pYj(..la Esap't'YJO''YJe:; 1tOU ea OYjAWVE 't'YJV u1taps'YJ -eou 1tAayLOu A6you, (..lE a1to'tEAEO'(..la va O'YJ(..lLOupYEt.aL O'uyxuO''YJ cpwvwv: OL o-r. 36-37 oLaO'w~ouv axpL~we:; 't'YJ oLa'tU1twO''YJ 'tou a1tOAAWVLOU Xp'YJO'(..lou - apa (..lE'tacpEpouv 'tLe:; AtSELe:; -eou ewu -Yj O'U(..lcpuponaL (..lE 'tLe:; O'XiljJELe:; -eou 1tpoO'W1tOU acp'YJy'YJ'tYj (O'uyxuO''YJ aVa(..lEO'a o-rov A6- yo 'tou ewu xaL -rov A6YO -eou acp'YJy'YJ'tYj)21; BE~aLa, a1tAwe:; xaL uovo 'YJ E1tLO'Yj(..lavO''YJ 'tou EOA OEV MVEL 'to 1tpO~A'YJ(..la, aAAa ea (..lae:; ~O'YJeYjO'EL va ESE'taO'ou(..lE « 6AO 'to cpaO'(..la 'twv O'XEO'EWV 't'YJe:; O'u(..l1tapouO'tae:;, 't'YJe:; aAA'YJAE- 1ttopaO''YJe:; xrn 't'YJe:; aVa(..lLS'YJe:;,,22 -eou A6YOU 'tou OpEO''t'YJ we:; acp'YJy'YJ'tYj XaL -eou A6you 'tou A1t6AAwva.

!:lEV U1tapXEL a(..lcpL~OAta 6'tL 'YJ OLa'tU1tWO''YJ 80AotO't xAicfJat avYjXEL 0''t0 ExcpWV'YJ(..la 'tOU ewu, Ecp60'0v xm O''tLe:; XOYJqJopour; 'tOU ALO'XUAOU 0 ()OAOe:; 1tpO'tdVE'taL a1tO 'tOV t()LO 'tOV A1tOAAWVa we:; 0 EV()ELXVu6(..lEVOe:; 'tP01toe:; ()pa- 0''YJe:; (XoYJqJ. 556-559), XWpte:; va a(..lcpLO'~'YJ'td'taL 'to 'YJeLx6 xupoe:; (..lLae:; 'tE-

19. npp. O. T. 1444 (oiJTw~ ap' tiv8po~ ti8).{ou rr€ua€a8' urr€p;). E1tla7]C;, aTOUC; o-r. 603- 604 0 Kpcw\I ~7]TcX (mo TO\l Otll(1tollcx \lCX 1tcXe:t OTO Ilcxv-re:(o TW\I 6.e:AcpW\I (nu8w8' iwv) )(cxt \lCX e:mpe:pCXtWoe:t TO 1te:Pr.e:XOIle:\lO TOU XP7]OIlOU 1tOU CXUTOC; Ile:TCcpe:pe: (rr€u80u Ta xpY}a8tvT'). Ellw, Ile: T7] xpf)07] TOU TU1tOU rr€u80u OU\lllUcX~e:Tcxt 7] CWOlCX 1:7]C; CX\lCX~f)T7]07]C; 1tA7]POCPOptW\I )(CXt 7] CWOlCX TOU «~7]TW XP7]ollo».

20. AS(~e:t \I' cx\lcxcpcpoulle: T7]\I cX1tOlV7] TOU F. Haible, 0 01t0(0C; OT7] lltcxTptpf) TOU Herodot und die Wahrheit. Untersuchungen zu Wahrheitsbegri((, Kritik und Argumentation bei Herodot, Tubingen 1963, )(CXTCXAf)ye:t OT7] lltcx1t(oTW07] OTt 0 HpolloToC; XP7]atIlO1tOle:( TO pf)IlCX rruv8aveoiia: OTCX\l 6CAe:t \lCX 117]Awoe:t 1tWC; 7] 1tA7]pOCPOp(cx TOU e:(\lCXt cxA7]6t\lf), e:\lW XP7]OtIlO1tOld TO pf)IlCX ti)(OU€CV OTCX\l lltcxT7]pd cxIlCPtpoA(e:C;C; ytCX T7]\I CX)(p(Pe:tCX TW\I 1tA7]pOcpOptW\I TOU. LU\le:1tWC;, d\lcxt m6cx\lo 7] xpf)o7] TOU rruv8ave:a8ac CX1tO TO\l OpCOT7] \lCX 1tpooll(lle:t OT7]\I cxcpf)y7]of) TOU )(UPOC; toollu\lcxllo 11' CXUTO TOU 6e:'()(ou e:)(cpwvTJllcxToC;.

21. fccx TO\l EA€u6€po nAcXyw Aoyo (EI11\) PA. M. Peri, !JOx{flca Arpy}/f/flaTO).oy{a~, e:1tCIl.

L. N. <l>tAt1t1t(ll7]C;, HpcX)(Ae:W 1994,00. 45-98, )(CXt r. <l>cxp(\lOU-MCXACXllcxTcXP7], Arpy}yy}flaTCx£~ T€xvcxt~ aTOV narra&aflavTY} 1887-1910, A6f)\lcx 1987,00.204-242.

22. Tio T7] lltcxTu1tw07] ~A. r. <l>cxp(\lOU-MCXACXIlCXTcXP7], 0.1t., o, 205. H tlltcxtTe:poT7]Tcx TOU EnA OU\I(OTCXTCXt OTO OTt lltCXT7]pOU\lTCXt TCXUTOXPO\lCX or TO\lOl lluo CPW\lW\I, ye:yo\loC; 1tOU llllIlwupyd T7]\I CX\lcXy)(7] \lCX ILCXv-re:UOUIle: 1tOWC; IltAcXe:t. ft' CXUTO ~A. B. BOAOO(\lOCP, 6.1t., 00. 307- 308.

12

EMvY) rxa:aTIj

'tma:e; 1tp(X!;'Y)e;23. To 1tpO~A'Y)!la: e:V't01tlSe:'ta:L xuplwe; (H'Y) OLa:'tU1tWO'Y) XE:tpot; ivo{xov mpayat; Xa:L xuplwe; o-rov 1tPOOOWPLO!l0 ivo{xov. H tV'ta:S'Y) 't'Y)e; ouve:xcpopcXe; XE:tpot; ivo{xov o-rov EOA e:m'tpt1te:L o-cov 1tm'Y)'t'ij va: e:m'tuxe:L 't'Y)v CXAA'Y)AOdoouo'Y) 'twv 1tp001t'tLXWV 'tou Opto't'Y)-cxcp'Y)Y'Y)'t'ij XCXL 'tou A1t0AAWVCX we; e:V'toAEcx 't'Y)e; opcXo'Y)e;, xcx8we; 0 Opto't'Y)e; e:vow!lCX'tWVe:L !le: OLCPOpoouevo 'tP01t0 't'Y) OLX'ij -cou cX1t04>'Y), 01tWe; tXe:L 'ij0'Y) oLcx'tu1tw8d 0't0 e:pw't'Y)!lcx OT4J Tp61t4J o{xat; apo{[.lYJv, o'tcx A6YLCX -rou 8e:ou.

To e:1tl8e:'t0 evOtxot; oe:v dVCXL «!l0VOCPWVLX'ij AES'Y)>>, CXAAcX «olcpwv'Y»>, xn- 8we; 'Y) 1tp08e:0'Y) 'tou Opto't'Y) e:LOOUe:L 0't'Y) cpwv'ij 'tou 8e:ou XCXL we; ex 'tou'tou CXVCXOe:LXVUe:'tCXL !lLCX 1te:pl1t'tWO'Y) OLCXAOYLx'ije; oxto'Y)e; 'twv ouo AOyWV 0't0 1tAcxlOW 'twv xowov 'toue; OU!lcppcxSO!ltvwv. OL OUO Aoym, 1t0U oUVCXV'tWV'tCXL XCXL 1tPOOCXVCX'tOAlSOV'tCXL 0 tvcxe; oe oxto'Y) !le: -rov cXAAO, OLCXO'tCXUPWVOV'tCXL OLCXAOYLXcX OU!l1tA'Y)PWVOV'tcxe; 0 tvcxe; 'tov cXAA024. H AE1;'Y) evotxot; cxv'tL7tpOOW1te:Ue:L 't'Y) CPcXo'Y) 't'Y)e; ouvtvwo'Y)e; XCXL 't'Y)e; 'tCXU'tLO'Y)e; 't'Y)e; cpwv'ije; -rou cxCP'Y)Y'Y)'t'ij XCXL 't'Y)e; cpwv'ije; 'tou A1t0AAwvcx.

o.o'tooo, 'Y) e:m8u!lla -cou Opto't'Y) va avaod1;e:L !l' au'tov -rov «u1t0xa'tcXo-rcero A6yo» !lLCX 1tA'ijp'Y) OU!lcpwvla aVcX!le:oa o-rov LOW we; OLcx!le:ooAa~'Y)'t'ij 'tou !l'Y)vu!la'toe; XCXL 'tov A1t0AAWVa we; a1t0xAe:LO'tLx'ij 1t'Y)Y'ij -cou !l'Y)vu!la't0e;25 U1t0Vo!le:ue:'taL a1t0 't'Y)v e:mAoy'ij -rou EOA, 01t0U OL OUO cpwvte; oe:v e:!l-

23. BA. J. C. Kamerbeek, 6.1t., o. 25 ad 37: «06Atp also occurs in Apollo's oracle in Aesch.

Cho. 557». H lXvlX<popa O"COV 86).ov oy]fllX"Cooo"Cd "Co ~lX6flo e:sap"CY]oY]c; "Cou tpyou "COU Io<poXAYj lX1tO "Co AoYO"Ce:XVLXO 1tlXpe:A6ov, XlXL ouyxe:xPLfltVlX lX1tO "Co oflo6e:flo lXLOXUAe:W tpyo, XWPLC; oflwC; Vlx ouve:1t!Xye:"ClXL XlXL oflm6"CY]"ClX "CY]C; opafla"CLxYjC; xa"C!Xo"Caoy]C;. Ie: 1toAMC; 1te:PL1t"CWOe:LC; o IO<pOXAYjC; avave:wve:L "CY] 0y]fllX01a "Cou oLaxe:Lflivou e:m<ptpov"Cac; fle:"Ca~oMc; o"CY]v e:o"CLaoy] xaL o"Ca xLvY]"Cpa "Cwv opwv"Cwv 1tpOOW1twv. [L' au"Co "Co OLlXXe:Lfle:VLXO 1taLxvilh ~A. F. M. Dunn, «Orestes and the Urn (Sophocles, Electra 54-55)>>, Mnemosyne 51 (1998) 438-443, xa6wc; xaL "CY] ~L~AwxpLola "Cou l:!.. l. Iaxw~, E).).y/vtxa 49 (1999) 375-379 (YLa -rov "Coflo l. Worthington [e:mfl.], Voice into Text. Orality and Literacy in Ancient Greece [Mnemosyne, suppl. 157], Leiden 1996). [La "COV 1tpo~Ay]fla"CLoflo OXe:"CLXO: fle: 'ro 1tOOO «xAaOLxYj» Yj"Cav Y] Opi£O"Ce:tlX xa"Co: "CY]V e:1tOXYj OUYYPlx<PYjC; "Cwv oflo6e:flwV tpywv ~A. A. Maria Van Erp Taalrnan Kip, «Sophocles "Electra" 197-200: Who is the 6e:oC;?», Hermes 124 (1996) 283. [La "CY]V apvY]"CLxYj Y]6LXYj aswA6yY]oY] "CY]C; XpYjoY]C; 06Aou ~A. Ch. P. Segal, o.rc., 00. 253-254, xat S. L. Schein, «Electra. A Sophoclean Problem Play», A&A 28 (1982) 72. [LlX "Cov 86).ov wc; ~aoLxo OOflLXO o"COLXdo -eou tpyou ~A. R. W. Minadeo, «Plot, Theme and Meaning in Sophocles' Electra», C&M 28 (1967) 117. BA. e:1tLOy]C; xaL "CLC; e:moY]fl!Xvoe:LC; "CY]C; M. M!Xv"CSwu, o.re., 257-258. H !X1totJiYj flac; dVlXL 1tWC; "Co 6tfla -coo 86).ou e:v"Caooofle:vo O"CY]V Loe:oAoYLa "CY]C; fluY]oY]C; «a1taAA!Xooe:"CaL» a1tO "CtC; 01tOLe:C; apvY]"CLxtC; OUVOY]AWOe:LC;. MLa aVO:Auoy] -eoo tpyou H).cxTpa fle: ~!X0Y] "CLC; flUY]"CLXtC; 1tpax'tLxtc; "Cou e:<pYj~ou txw e:1tLXe:LpYjOe:L O"CY]V e:pyaola uoo fle: "Cl"CAO «L'Oreste sofocleo e l'efebia», PP 56 (2001), U1tO oY]floole:uoY].

24. [La "CouC; opouC; «flOVO<pWVLXYj» xm «ol<pwvy] AtSY]» ~A. M. M1taX"Clv (fl"C<PP. AAe:S!XVOplX Iwavvloou), Zy/TI'II.laTa "Cy/C; noty/TtX~c; TOU Nxoarovuupoi«, A6Yjva 2000, 00. 290-428 (xuplwC;

00. 299- 303), xoa M. Peri, Llox{{.lta Arpy/YY1{.laTo).oy{ac;, o.re., 00. 59-60.

25. I"CLC; Xoy/rp6pouc; roo ALOXUAOU OY]AWVe:"ClXL pY]"C!X 1tWC; O,"CL lXva<ptpe:1:aL avYjxe:L o-ro ex<pwvY]fla "Cou 6e:ou. BA. Xoy/rp. 270 (xpy/o{.l0C; x de u wv), 271 (xa;opBtll:~wv), 272 (i;au8w{.levoc;), 275 (crpaoxe), 279 (mrpauoxwv elne), 283 (irpwvet), 300 (Beou "C' irpeT{.lat). [La -cov

LOCPOXAEOUC; HMx-rpa 32-37: Mta 1te:pbt'twoY] e:Ae:u8e:pou 1tA<XYWU A6you 13

cpaVLsov-cm we; OU(.l1tL1t-coum:e;26. LUVE1tWe;, Yj 01t-ctx1j -rou A1t6AAWva cp-cavEL we; E(.lae; (.l6vo (.ltoa a1t6 -CYjv aV-CLAYjtVYj -rou Opto-cYj, aV-CLAYjtVYj 1tOU E(.l1tEpLtXEt xm (.lta EX-cL(.lYjOYj: 0 i8toe; we; a1tOXAEtO-CLX6e; EX-CEAEO-c1je; -CYje; 1tpaSYje; (xEtP()(; [ ... J orpayac;)27 dvat 8ixatoe; (tvO{XQU)28. Oo-c60o, 0 xPYjo(.l6e; OE xa(.lta 1tEpL1t-cWOYj 8EV (.lE-ca-cpt1tE-cat OE 1tE8LO (.laXYje; 8uo cpwvwv. 0 oxo1t6e; -CYje; xp1joYje; -rou EOA 8EV tyxEt-caL o-CYjv mo-c1j ava1tapaywy1j au-cou 1tOU 86eYjXE we; xpYjo(.l6e; o-rov Opto-cYj, aAAa o-CYjv aAAYjAod08uoYj -cwv 8uo 1tPOO1t-CLXWV 1tOU 1tpowed -CYjv tVUXOAOYLX1j xaL L8wAOYLX1j -cau-CLoYj -cou Opto-cYj (.lE -rov A1t6AAwva.

'H8Yj o-CYjv 1tpOAoyLX1j p1joYj -cou OaL()aywyou tXEL ava8ELXed Yj oxtoYj -cou Opto-cYj (.lE -cov A1t6AAWVa OE et(.la-ca L8wAoyLae;. LUYXEXpL(.ltva, Yj 1tEpLypacp1j -cou 8pa(.la-CLxou xwpou (o-r. 1-10) 8EV XPYjOL(.lEUEL «a1tAWe; YLa vrx 1tpooap(.l60EL -cov xap-cYj -cou cpav-cao-CLxou xwpou O-CLe; 1tpay(.la-CLxte; 8o(.lte;

XPYlaflo a-ne; X07Jrpopout; ~A. Deborah H. Roberts, Apollo and his Oracle in the Oresteia [Hypomnemata, 78], Giittingen 1984, oo, 39-47, XCXL Rebecca W. Bushnell, Prophesying Tragedy. Sign and Voice in Sophocles' Theban Plays, Ithaca - London 1988, a. 24.

26. BA. M. Peri, twx{l-lta Arp7JY7Jl-la-co).oy{at;, o.rr., a. 58, 01tOU 0pl1;e:L -cov U1toxcx"taa"tcx"to AOYO we; e:~"t]e;: "TIPOXe:L"tCXL YLCX eva» U1toxcx"taa"tcx"to AOYO 01tOU 0 auyypcxcpicxe; 1tcxpouaLa1;e:"tcxL a"tYl BtaYl -eou 1tpoaw1tou XCXL Aie:L cxctvo 1tOU "to 1tpoaw1to Bcx fl1topouae: 1tpocpcxvwe; vcx 1te:L»' a. 87: ,,'O"tcxv 0 ETIA tXe:L 1tcxpacpwvo xcxpcxx"t"t]pcx, o"tcxv 0YlACXO"t] U1tapxe:L Xa1tOLCX CX1tOXALaYl a"tYl aUflcpwvlcx "twv OUO cpwvwv, Yl oLcxcpopo1tolYlaYl CX1tO -eov U1toxcx"taa"tcx"to AOYO dVCXL OAOcpave:pYl, xcxBwe; Yl vOPflcx "tou U1toxcx"taa"tcx"tou AOYOU 1tpo~Ai1te:L flLCX 1tA"t]PYl CXAAYlAe:yyUYl fle:"tcx~u cxCPYlYYl"t"t] XCXL 1tpoaw1tou XCXL oe:v e:1tLOiXe:"tCXL "tYlV 1tCXPCXflLXp"t] e:LPWVLX"t] cx1toa"tcxaw- 1tolYlaYl», XCXL a. 61: «0 ETIA e:XOYlAWVe:L [ ... ] OUO "tcxu"toxpove:e; XCXL 0XL aUfl1tl1t"touae:e; cpwvie;». BA. e:1tlaYle; B. BOAoalvocp, o.re., a. 268: «0 ETIA e:~cxaBe:vd 1te:pLaao"te:po"tcx 0PLCX "tou CXVCX1tCXPCXYOfle:vou flYlvuflcx"toe;», oa. 304-305, oreou 0 ETIA 1tpoaoLopl1;e:"tcxL we; «flLCX CX1t6AU"tCX XCXLVOUpyLCX, Be:"tLX"t] "taaYl "tYle; e:Ve:PYYl"tLX"t]e; 1tpOaAYltjJYle; "tOU CXAAO"tPLOU e:xCPwv"t]flcx"toe;» 1tOU e:xcppa1;e:L "tYl OUVCXflLX"t] «"tYle; cxflOL~cxlcxe; e:1tlopcxaYle; cxvafle:acx o-ro Myo -rou auyypcxcpicx XCXL o ro AOYO -rou aAAou», xcxBwe; XCXL a. 306, 01tOU e:1tLaYlflcx1ve:"tCXL o rov ETIA Yl cxflCPlopoflYl axiaYl cxvafle:acx o-rov AOYO -eoo auyypcxcpicx XCXt o-rov AOyo -eoo aAAou. TIp~. XCXL "tYl XP"t]aYl -eou ETIA o-rov Hpooo"to, orcou Yl Ae:L"touPYlcx "tou auvla"tcx"tcxL o-ro vcx e:xcppa1;e:L fle: Ae:1t"t6"tYl"tcx "tYl OUa1tLa"tlCX "tOU io-roPLXOU 1tpOe; "tCX Ae:y6fle:vcx. rLCX -rov ETIA XCXL "tYl Ae:L"toupYlcx "tOU o-rov Hp600"to ~A. G. L. Cooper, III, «Intrusive Oblique Infinitives in Herodotus», TAPA 104 (1974) 23-76, XCXL I. I. MCXpXLCXv6e;, H tltoaaxaAla "twv 'Ia"toptwv "tau 'Hpodoioo, AB"t]vcx 1994, aa. 95-97.

27. Fi' cxu-c"t]v"tYJ a'Yjflcxalcx ~A. R. C. Jebb, 6.1t., a. 12 ad 36f: «The vengeance is to be won by his own right hand, not by means of allies».

28. Tcx AOYLCX -rou Be:ou, 6"tcxv rrcpvouv a"t'Yjv oflLAlcx -rou Opta"t'Yj, 1tpoaAcxfl~avouv «ve- 1t6cpe:ux"tcx iva vio v6'Yjflcx, "to oLx6 "toU XCXL flLCX vi.a e:x"tlfl'Yja'Yj, cxu"t"t]v "tou Opia"t'Yj, Ylvov"tCXL 0'YjACXO"t] OLcpwvLxa. rLCX "t'Yj OLcx"tU1tWa'Yj "t'Yje; a1totjJ'Yje; cxu"t"t]e; CX~W1tOLoufle: ae: fle:yaAo ~cxBfl6 oacx cxVCXcpipe:L 0 M. M1tcxX"tlv, 6.1t., a. 312. AU"t6e; 0 "tp61toe; fle:"taooa'Yje; -rou CXAAO"tPLOU A6you (ETIA) OdXVe:L 1tWe; 0 Opia"t'Yje; CXCPOflOLWVe:L e:ve:pY'Yj"tLxa "to CXAAO"tPW e:xcpwv'Yjflcx auve:Lacpipov"tcxe; roue OLXOUe; -rou "t6voue; a' cxu"to, "t6voue; 1tOU CXVCXflLYVUOV"tCXL fle: cxu"toue; "tou CXAA6"tpwu AOyoU. 'Ero, e:xcppa1;e:"tcxL 0 e:ve:pY'Yj"tLx6e; 1tpoacxvcx"toALafl6e; -rou Opia"t'Yj, xcxBwe; oe:v CXPXd"tCXL vcx e:xcppaae:L flLCX 1tCXB'Yj"tLX"t] e:v-cu1twa'Yj 1tOU 1tpoxA"t]B'Yjxe: CX1t6 "to e:xcpwv'Yjflcx rou Be:ou. H cpfl'Yjvdcx cxu"t"t] CX~L01tOLd "t'YjV 0poAoYlcx XCXL"ttc; CX1t6tjJe:Le; -rou B. Boxootvoo, 6.1t., a. 329.

14

'CYje; OXYjVYje;, cxna XCXL YLCX VCX XLVYjOe:L 'CYj opaoYj, VCX OPLOe:L XCXpCXx'CYjpe:e; XCXL VCX e:Locxyaye:L 'CYj 8e:!lCX'CLXYj»29. L'COUe; O'C. 6-70 OcxLocxywyoe; CX1tO 'Co ye:VLXO 1tAaVO (0'C. 4-5) e:o'CLa~e:L oe: 0PL0!lEVO oYj!le:LO -eou xwpou, O'CYj Auxe:w cxyopa: cx[rrYJ 0' 'OpiOTCX, TOU AUXOXT6vou Be:ou / ayopa Auxe:w~. H 1te:PLypcxcpYj oe:v e:LVCXL o'Ce:va 1tAYjpOcpOpLCXXYj XCXL oe:v e:SCXV'CAe:L'CCXL O'CYjV 1tCXPCX1tO!l1tYj oe: !lLCX 'C01toypcxCPLxYj-!lu80AoyLXYj-ACX'Cpe:u'CLXYj 1tPCXY!lCX'CLXO'CYj'CCX30, xcx8we; 'Co CXV'CLXe:L!le:VO 'CYje; opcxoYje; (ayopa Auxe:w~) e:1te:VOUe:'CCXL !le: 'CYjV LOe:OAOYLCX -eou cpovou, 01tWe; 'Co oe:u'Ce:po OUV8e:'CLXO 'Cou e:m8E'COU AUXOX T 6 v 0 ~ OYjAWVe:L. H cxvcxcpopa cxu'CYj CX1tox'Ca OU!l~OALXO 1te:PLe:X0!le:vo: (1) H ye:L'CVLCXOYj -eou OVo!lcx'Coe; -eou OpEO'CYj !le: 'CYj ouve:xcpopa TOU AUXOXT6vou Be:ou CXVCXOe:LXVUe:L 'CYj 0XEOYj -eou Yjpwcx !le: 'Cov A1tOAAWVCX XCXL 'CYjV e:V'C01tL~e:L XUpLWe; O'CO 1te:OLO -eou cpOVOU31• (2) H 1te:pLypCXCPYj -eou xwpou oe:v e:LVCXL oe xcx!lLa 1te:PL1t'CWOYj CXVCXCPOpLXYj (OYjA. oe:v CXV'CAe:L 'CYjv cxAYj80cpave:La 'CYje; CX1tO 'CYj ye:WypCXcpLXYj 1tPCXY!lCX'CLXO'CYj'CCX, e:moLwXOV'CCXe; 'C01tOypCXCPLXYj CXXPL~e:LCX), cxAM oU!l~ane:L O'CYjV cxvaoe:LSYj 'CYje; LOe:OAOYLCXe; 'CYje; e:XOLXYjoYje;32.

Me: 'CYj xpYjoYj -eou EOA O'COue; O'C. 36-37 Yj 0XEOYj cxva!le:ocx o-rov OpEO'CYj XCXL 'Cov A1tOAAWVCX e:V'C01tL~e:'CCXL O'CYj OLCXAOYLXYj 0XEOYj cxva!le:ocx o-eov AOYO -eou OpEO'CYj XCXL 'Cov AOYO -eou 8e:ou, e:vw !lEOW -eou e:m8E'COU gVOtxo~ Yj rcpo- 01t'CLXYj 0XEOYj !le:'Ccxsu 'Cwv OUO e:scx08e:ve:L, orcore !l1tOpOUV vcx e:!lCPCXVLO'COUV O'CO LOW e:1tL1te:0033• Me: 'CYjve:moYj!lcxvoYj -eou EOA YLVe:'CCXL OCXcpEe; O'CL Yj OLCXAOyLXYj 0XEOYj e:pw'CYjoYje;-cx1taV'CYjoYje; YLVe:'CCXL OXEOYj e:m~e:~cxLWOYje;-OU!l1tAYjpwoYje;H, 1tpaY!lcx 1tOU e:mxupwve:'CCXL XCXL CX1tO 'Cov O'C. 70 (o{xn XCXBCXPTYJ~ 7rpO~ Be:wv wpf.1.YJf.1.ivo~), 01tOU OL 1tPOO1t'CLXEe; 'Cwv 8e:wv XCXL -eou OPEO'CYje:XOLXYj'CYj OUYXALVOUV, xcx8we; Yj e:XOLXYjOYj e:!lCPCXVL~e:'CCXL we; EVCX 8PYjOXe:u'CLXO

29. BA. K. Kuntz, Narrative Setting and Dramatic Poetry [Mnemosyne, suppl. 124], Leiden - N. York - Koln 1993, cr. 17. H 1le:"CIXcppacr"IJ "Cou 1tapa6tlla"Coc; "C"lJC; Kuntz e:LVaL -eou K. BaAIXxa, «De:prypacpij "Cou Ilpalla"CLXOlJ xwpou: 0 e:l.O'aywyLxoC; MyoC; "Cou DaLllaywyou cr"C"lJV HJ..ix'pa "Cou LOCPOXAij., o-rov "CollO I.-e. A. Da1tall"IJIl"IJ"CpLou (e:mll.), npaxrtxtX ,ou A' nave:J..).-f/v(ou xal .11e:6vou~ LUVe:Op(ou Apxa(a~ E).).l)vlx~~ <Pu.oJ..oy{a~ (23-26 Ma!ou 1994), A6ijva 1997, cr. 291. 0 BaAIXxac;, 0.1t., cr. 290, e:mcr"IJlla(ve:L O"CL oc "Ct"COlOU dllouC; 1tpoMyouC; «1tpO~IXAAe:"CaL"IJ ava~ij"C"IJcr"IJ xaL "IJ avaXIXAutV"IJ "Cou xwpou xaL "Cou Xpovou 1tOU ct1taL"Cd"CaL YLa "C"IJv e:X1tAijpWcr"IJ rtov XP"IJcrllwv xaL "Cwv 1t06wv».

30. BA. Suzanne Said, «Tragic Argos», o-ro: A. H. Sommerstein - S. Halliwell - J. Henderson -

B. Zimmermann (e:mll.), Tragedy, Comedy and the Polis. Papers from the Greek Drama Conference Nottingham, 18-20 July 1990, Bari 1993, cr. 171.

31. ELvaL aSLOcr"IJlldw"Co "Co ye:yovoC; O"CL "Co ovolla -eou 6e:ou lle:v avacptpe:"CaL p"IJ"CIX aAAIX "IJ "Cau"Co"C"IJ"CIX "Cou 1tpocrIlLOp(~e:"CaL a1to "Co cruyxe:xPLIlEVO Aa"Cpw"CLxO e:1tffie:"Co J..uxox,6vo~. BA. crXe:"CLXIX Ch. P. Segal, Tragedy and Civilization .. , 0.1t., cr. 465 cr"IJIl' 57, xaL cr. 268.

32. fLa "CLC; "Co1toypacpLxEC; avaxp(~e:Le:C; o-ro cr"IJlldo au"Co ~A. J. C. Kamerbeek, 0.1t., cr. 21 ad 6,7.

33. L"CO cr"IJlldo au"Co XP"IJCJLIl01tOlOulle: "C"IJ IlLa"CU1twcr"IJ "COU M. M1taX"CLv, 0.1t., cr. 301.

34. fLa "C"IJ IlLa"CU1twcr"IJ ~A. 0.1t., cr. 302.

1:0CPOXAEOUS HUx-rpa 32-37: Mta m:pL1t'twO'Y) EAEU6EPOU 1tA6:ywu A6you 15

x<x8rpwv (X<xe<xpT>7~)35, -cou 01tOtOU 'Yj vO[lt[lo't'Yj'tcx (8{xn)36 x<X't0XUPWVE't<Xt <X1tO 'touC; 8EOUC; (rrpo~ eE:WV wpf1.YJf1.ivo~).

naVE1tLO'n]!lLO IwavvLvwv

EAENH rKA1:TH

35. BA. R. Parker, Pollution and Purification in Early Greek Religion, Oxford 1983, 00. 139- 43 (yw: -eov POAO -eou A1toHwva o'"tYj llLallLxao(a xa6ap(.Lou), 00. 257-280 (xe:cp. 9 «Purifying the City»), 00. 281-307 (xe:cp. 10 «Purity and Salvation») xaL 00. 308-321 (xe:cp. 11 «Some Scenes from Tragedy»).

36. Tn 0XOALCX -eou xopou e:m[3e:[3aLwvouv '"tYj VO(.LL(.Lo'"tYj'"ta '"tYjC; CX1tOO'"tOAijc; -eou Opto'"tYj ([3A. o-r, 174-184, 1384-1397, 1441, 1508-1510). E1t(oYjC;, O'"tOUC; o-r. 82-85 XCXL 1424-1425 '"tov(Se:'"taL '"to ye:yovoC; on 0 Opto'"tYjC; e:x'"te:Ad '"tLC; e:v'"toAtC; -eou A1tOAWVCX. BA. OXe:'"tLXcX D. A. Hester, o.rc., 15.