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Pertempuran Malaya

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

Pertempuran Malaya adalah perang terbuka antara Sekutu dan Jepang di Malaya yang berlangsung sejak 8 Desember 1941 hingga 31 Januari 1942, sebagai bagian dari Perang Dunia II. Kampanye ini didominasi oleh pertempuran darat antara pihak Persemakmuran Britania dan Jepang. Bagi orang-orang Inggris, India, Australia dan Malaya yang mati-matian berusaha mempertahankan koloni ini, perang ini menjadi bencana karena berakhir dengan kekalahan dan awal masa-masa kerja paksa bagi mereka yang tertangkap.

Kejatuhan Malaya, dan kemudian Singapura, menjadi lonceng pertanda kematian bagi Hindia Belanda, yang jatuh kurang dari dua bulan kemudian dan berarti akan mengakhiri penjajahan yang telah berlangsung ratusan tahun di wilayah Asia Tenggara.

Referensi

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Kratoska 2018 pp 299
  2. ↑ Farrell, 2015 [halaman dibutuhkan]
  3. 1 2 Allen (2013) pp. 300-301.
  4. ↑ Sandhu 1987, p. 32.
  5. ↑ Allen (2013) pp. 300-301
  6. ↑ Farrell, 2015 [halaman dibutuhkan]
  7. ↑ JM-54, "Malay Operations Record" p. 11. 612 Army and 187 Navy planes, of which 153 Army and 29 Navy planes were reserve. Retrieved 4/1/2022
  8. ↑ Allen, Louis. Singapore 1941–1942: Revised Edition, Routledge, 2013. p. 169
  9. ↑ Farrell, 2015 [halaman dibutuhkan]
  10. ↑ Toland, John. The Rising Sun New York: The Modern Library, 2003. p. 272
  11. ↑ Farrell, 2015 [halaman dibutuhkan]
  12. ↑ Farrell, 2015 [halaman dibutuhkan]
  13. ↑ Frank, Richard (2020). Tower of sckulls. W.W. Norton and Company. hlm. 381.
  14. ↑ Akashi, Yoji (2010). General Yamashita Tomoyuki: Commander of the Twenty-Fifth Army. Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Pte Ltd.
  15. ↑ Smith, Colin (2006). Singapore Burning. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0141010366.
  16. ↑ Roy, Kaushik (2019). Battle for Malaya: The Indian Army in Defeat, 1941-1942. Open Road Integrated Media.
  17. ↑ Frank, Richard (2020). Tower of sckulls. W.W. Norton and Company. hlm. 381.

Catatan

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  1. ↑ hingga 7 Januari 1942
  2. ↑ mulai 7 Januari 1942
  3. ↑ Between Singapore and Malaya, the Japanese captured 300 field guns, 180 mortars/howitzers, 100 anti-aircraft guns, 54 fortress guns, 108 1-pounder guns (likely a typo meant to say 2-pounder[butuh rujukan]), and, on the mainland, another 330 guns of unspecified type. Kevin Blackburn, Karl Hack. "Did Singapore Have to Fall?: Churchill and the Impregnable Fortress". Routledge. 1 November 2003. Page 193 gives a total of 225 25-pounders and 18-pounders for the campaign, but this number excludes 4.5-inch and 3.7-inch howitzers and 75mm field guns, as well as fortress guns. Page 74 gives a total of 226 for British artillery pieces during the siege of Singapore itself, including fortress guns (172 without them).
  4. ↑ 50 armoured vehicles were captured on Malaya and 200 on Singapore, mostly Universal Carriers and armoured cars; includes 23 Mark VI light tanks.
  5. ↑ 1,800 trucks and 13,600 cars and other vehicles were lost to the Japanese on both Singapore and the mainland.[butuh rujukan]

Pranala luar

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