Paul the Apostle

"Saint Paul" redirects here. For the U.S. city, see Saint Paul, Minnesota.

A painting of Paul of Tarsus by Peter Paul Rubens

Paul the Apostle, (born as Saul of Tarsus) and also often called Saint Paul (2BC–64/65), was a Messianic Jewish-Roman writer and rabbi. He was a convert to Christianity. It is believed that he wrote thirteen books of the Bible, together called the Pauline epistles. They are letters to Christian churches and Christians. He wrote these letters to encourage them, to help them receive salvation, understand Christian teaching, and live Christian lives.

Life

Anti-Christian

A painting by Caravaggio for a church in Italy, showing Saul lying by the side of the road

Paul's name was originally Saul (not to be confused with King Saul from the books of Samuel in the Old Testament). He grew up learning both the Jewish law and the Greek ways of discussing things. We are first introduced to Saul in the Bible near the end of Acts 7. The Christian movement had begun with the resurrection and ascension of Jesus. Saul was strongly against this, and he was happy as he watched Saint Stephen, the first martyr of Jesus, being killed by stoning after giving a speech that made the Jewish court angry. He worked for the Jewish High Priest and helped lead the arrests and killing of many Christians in Israel and the nearby area.

Later on, Saul was told to go to Damascus to find and bring back Christians there to be punished. On the way, God came down from heaven and spoke to Saul. The Bible tells of what happened like this:

On his journey, Saul approached Damascus. Suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him. He fell to the ground. He heard a voice speak to him.

"Saul! Saul!" the voice said. "Why are you opposing me?"

"Who are you, Lord?" Saul asked.

"I am Jesus," he replied. "I am the one you are opposing. Now get up and go into the city. There you will be told what you must do."

The men traveling with Saul stood there. They weren't able to speak. They had heard the sound. But they didn't see anyone. Saul got up from the ground. He opened his eyes, but he couldn't see. So they led him by hand into Damascus. For three days he was blind. He didn't eat or drink anything.

— Acts 9:3–9, NIRV

A German-made facial composite of Paul the Apostle

Saul becomes Paul

When Saul reached Damascus, he was visited by Ananias (who was told by God to go pray for Saul), one of Jesus's disciples, where he got his sight back and was baptized as a Christian. He spent the next three years studying the Jewish scriptures again to find explanations for the Christian teachings. His experiences changed his view on Christianity completely. In Acts 13:9, he begins to be called Paul. This was the Hellenized version of the name Saul. He used his earlier education to explain his new faith to other people and to discuss things with people who had other beliefs.

He travelled around the Roman Empire, teaching others about Christianity, and wrote letters back and forth with the churches he helped to begin. The letters contain many important parts of Christian teaching and have since been part of the New Testament of the Bible, coming between the Acts of the Apostles and the General Epistles. It is not known whether Paul actually wrote all of these letters, or whether other people could have helped write the letters. In some of them he refers to a co-author. In Catholic Churches parts of these letters are read at Mass as the second of two readings that come before the Gospel. Protestant Christians also use Paul's writings, especially the letter to the Romans to teach their ideas of Christian truth.

Although the Bible does not say how Paul died, various writers said Paul was put to death by orders of the emperor Nero in Rome, in 64/65 AD. He had the rights of Roman citizenship, which meant that he could be put to death by decapitation with a sword, rather than by crucifixion. Some stories say he was decapitated.

Related pages

• Twelve Apostles

Other websites

• Online study about the early Christians in simple English
• Jewish Encyclopedia: Saul of Tarsus (known as Paul, the Apostle of the Heathen)
• "Saint Paul, the Apostle". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2009.