Jump to content

Foreign relations of Albania

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The foreign relations of Albania are its relations with other governments and peoples. Foreign relations are conducted through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Tirana. The current minister is Elisa Spiropali. The current ambassador to the United Nations is Suela Janina.

Albania is a sovereign country in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean that declared its independence on 28 November 1912. Its foreign policy has maintained a policy of complementarianism by trying to have friendly relations with all countries. Since the collapse of Communism in 1990, Albania has extended its responsibilities and position in European and international affairs, supporting and establishing friendly relations with other nations around the world.

The main factors defining Albanian foreign policy consist of geopolitical location, population, economic crisis, and ties with Albanian diaspora throughout the world. It also maintains strong diplomatic relations with the EU (primarily Greece, Croatia, France, Germany, Italy) Balkan countries (primarily Kosovo, Turkey, and North Macedonia), Arab world, Canada, China, Israel, India, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, UK and the United States.

The main objectives of the Albanian foreign policy are the accession of Albania to the European Union, the international recognition of Kosovo, the recognition of expulsion of Cham Albanians,[1] helping and protecting the rights of Albanians in Montenegro, North Macedonia, Greece, Serbia, Italy, and the Albanian diaspora.

Albania was voted to become a member of the 15-country United Nations Security Council for a two-year term, 2022–23.

Overview

[edit]

The government of Albania was concerned with the developments in neighboring Kosovo, particularly in the post-Dayton agreement period. During the Kosovo War in 1999 as well as the ethnic cleansing of Kosovo Albanians by Serbs alongside the subsequent refugee influx into the country, Albania's status as an ally of the United States was confirmed.[2] Albania emerged as being generally supportive of the United States.[2] The support for the United States has remained high at 95% in Muslim majority (56% of the population) Albania in contrast to the rest of the Islamic world.[2]

Balkans/Albania

[edit]

Turkey

[edit]

During the post-cold war, geo-political complexities and conflicts in the Balkans, made Albania seek a protector power with Turkey, which is a NATO member.[3] During the 1990s, state relations between Albania and Turkey were marked by high level visits, military agreements and the deployment of Turkish soldiers.[4][3][5] An Albanian-Turkish military cooperation agreement was signed on 29 July 1992.[4][3] The military agreement entailed education and training of personnel, bilateral cooperation in weapons production, joint military exercises, the exchange of military delegations and joint commissions on expanding further military ties into the future.[3] The agreement also encompassed rebuilding Albania's Pasha Liman Base in the Bay of Vlorë on the Ionian Sea by Turkey, in return for granting Turkey's access and use.[6][5] Turkey has trained the Albanian Armed Forces, in particular officers and commando units.[4][6][5] During civil war in 1997, Turkey alongside other countries, participated in Operation Alba by providing a brigade of 800 Turkish troops to restore order and its involvement served mainly as a stabilising force.[4][7]

Turkey considers its friendship with Albania as important due to the context of state relations with Greece and through policy have exploited difficulties arising in Albanian-Greek relations.[8][9] Having a powerful ally in Turkey has suited Albania at times regarding difficult interstate relations with Greece.[10] Albania's emergence in the Balkans as a key NATO partner contributed to good and stronger Albanian-Turkish relations, in particular relating to military matters.[11] The military alliance during the 1990s between Turkey and Albania was also aimed against Serbia in case a war over Kosovo had a wider regional spread.[12] Greece has expressed concerns regarding Turkish relations with Albania and interpreted them as an anti-Greek measure to isolate Greece within the wider context of Albania being a potential outlet for expanding Muslim influence and Turkey allying with Muslim populations in the Balkans.[3][13][14] Turkey on the other hand claimed Greece increased tensions within the region and conveyed concerns relating to Albanian and Greek polemics with Ankara expressing a partial bias on Albania's side angering the Greeks.[15] Greece, aware of Albanian-Turkish military agreements denounced Turkey's interference in Greek affairs.[15] Though not officially considered in Turkey as a rival within Albania, during the unrest of 1997 Greece was able to become an influential actor in Albania and the early period of the Kosovo crisis (1998-1999) when Albanian officials looked to Greece for assistance.[16] The resumption of closer Albanian-Turkish relations ensured during the Kosovo crisis that made both countries act along the same policy lines toward Slobodan Milošević and the issue of Greater Serbia.[17]

Turkey supported Albania's membership to become part of NATO.[4] Military cooperation between Albania and Turkey is viewed by NATO as a stabilising factor within the volatile region of the Balkans.[18] Albania has come to depend heavily on Turkish assistance and a high amount of military security.[3] Turkey remains for Albania an important military ally alongside the U.S.[19] Through its military personnel Turkey continues to train Albanian armed forces and also to provide assistance in logistics and modernisation efforts of the Albanian military.[20][21] Radar systems for the surveillance of Albanian airspace in addition to telecommunication equipment have been supplied by Turkey to Albania.[22] Albania receives Turkish assistance for police training.[17] Turkey has continuously supported Albania from the 1990s on EU related matters as both countries view EU membership as an eventual final goal and common objective.[23] State relations of Albania with Turkey are friendly and close, due to maintenance of close links with the Albanian diaspora in Turkey and strong Turkish sociopolitical, cultural, economic and military ties with Albania.[24][25][26][27][28][29][4] Turkey has been supportive of Albanian geopolitical interests within the Balkans.[28][4][30] In Gallup polls conducted in recent times Turkey is viewed as a friendly country by 73% of people in Albania.[31] Albania has established political and economic ties with Arab countries, in particular with Arab Persian Gulf states who have heavily invested in religious, transport and other infrastructure alongside other facets of the economy in addition to the somewhat limited societal links they share.[32] Albania is also working to develop social-political and economic ties with Israel.[33]

Greece

[edit]

After the fall of the Albanian communist regime in 1991, relations between Greece and Albania became increasingly strained because of widespread allegations of mistreatment by Albanian authorities of the Greek ethnic minority in southern Albania and of mistreatment the Albanian communities in northern Greece. A wave of Albanian illegal economic migrants to Greece exacerbated tensions. The crisis in Greek–Albanian relations reached its peak in late August 1994, when an Albanian court sentenced five members (a sixth member was added later) of the ethnic Greek political party Omonia to prison terms on charges of undermining the Albanian state. Greece responded by freezing all EU aid to Albania, and sealing its border with Albania. In December 1994, however, Greece began to permit limited EU aid to Albania, while Albania released two of the Omonia defendants and reduced the sentences of the remaining four. [citation needed]

There are still other impending issues in the relations between the two countries, regarding many Albanian workers in Greece who have not received legal papers despite promises by the Greek government. In 1996, the two countries signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship and discussed the issues of the status of Albanian refugees in Greece and education in the mother tongue for the ethnic Greek minority in southern Albania. In the 1990s, Greece preferred and assisted Fatos Nano as Albanian leader due to him being Orthodox over Sali Berisha a Muslim, as Nano was seen as being friendlier to Greek interests.[34] The government of Fatos Nano was viewed by Turkey as having a pro-Greek orientation and expressed some dissatisfaction though during that time still maintained close military relations with Albania in rebuilding its armed forces and a military base.[19]

Today, as result of very frequent high-level contacts between the governments and the parliaments, relations between the two countries are regarded as excellent. Greece is a staunch supporter of the Euro-Atlantic integration of the Republic of Albania. Since Albania's NATO entry in May 2009, Albanian-Greek relations have been developing on all fronts, and especially after the election victory of Edi Rama in 2013,[35] with the Albanian Chief of Foreign Policy, Ralf Gjoni, describing the diplomatic relations between two countries as "excellent". Greece today is Albania's most important European Union ally and NATO partner.[36] At the Albanian government's request, about 250 Greek military personnel are stationed in Albania to assist with the training and restructuring of the Albanian Armed Forces, as part of the NATO programme. Big projects currently in running between the two countries include the touristic development of the Ionian coastline shared between the two countries, and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), which helped boosting the relations of the two countries even further.

Albania's ties with Greece are also based on cultural and historic relations of the two peoples, including migration and national minorities. In addition, since Albania's transition to democracy, Greece has become a major financial partner of the country with Albania's economy being heavily reliant on investments from Greece. Culturally, the two nations' populations, whilst having a tense history, share numerous cultural and historic traits that have been used to boost the political relations of the neighbouring countries.

There had been numerous discussions, research and attempts by Albanians and Greeks to form a confederation during the Ottoman period.[37] In the 19th century there were plans to create a Greek-Albanian confederation, which was revived from the earlier 18th century plans. In 1907 a special protocol and memorandum of understanding was signed by Neoklis Kazazis and Ismail Qemali, the first prime minister of Albania. Furthermore, Arvanite author Aristides Kollias in his book "The proclamation of the Association of Arvanites" states "from 1881 to 1907 we have sustained efforts and repeated consultations between Greeks and Albanians to create a Greek-Albanian state." In addition, Thanos Paleologos-Anagnostopoulos in his book "Greece and Albania in the early 20th century (1995)" stated that Ismail Qemali, a philhellene, worked with numerous Greek politicians and lobbyists, including Arvanite leaders, on a possible Greek-Albanian federation, one that "maintains national and religious independence of the two peoples."[38] Likewise, Neoklis Kazazis saw this as a way of Greece quashing Italian influence in the region.[39]

International

[edit]

Albania was voted to become a member of the 15-country UN Security Council for a two-year term, in 2022–23, on 11 June 2021.[40] Former ambassador Kadare said that Albania's priorities in the Security Council will include a focus on women, peace, and security, promoting human rights and international law, preventing conflicts, protecting civilians, countering violent extremism, addressing climate change and its links to security, and strengthening multilateralism and the rules-based international order.[40] She tweeted thanks to all countries that: "entrusted us with this huge responsibility".[40]

Disputes
Image
Former ambassador to the United Nations Besiana Kadare

The Albanian government supports the protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside of its borders but has downplayed them to further its primary foreign policy goal of regional cooperation; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks full recognition of the declared independence from Serbia; Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public-sector jobs, and representation in government.[citation needed] A handful of Albanian troops have participated in the U.S.-led military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.[41] Albanian policy is very favorable to that of the United States and European Union.

The $30 million Albanian-American Enterprise Fund (AAEF), launched in 1994, is actively making debt and equity investments in local businesses.[42] AAEF is designed to harness private sector efforts to assist in the economic transformation. U.S. assistance priorities include promotion of agricultural development and a market economy, advancement of democratic institutions (including police training), and improvements in quality of life.

International conflicts

In response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Albania has expressed support for Ukraine and also supported Latvia's nomination to join the United Nations Security Council in 2025.[43]

List of countries

[edit]

List of countries which Albania maintains diplomatic relations with:

Image
#CountryDate
1Image Romania28 December 1913[44]
2Image Italy21 February 1914[45]
3Image Serbia25 April 1914[46]
4Image BulgariaApril 1914[47]
5Image United Kingdom9 November 1921[48]
6Image Austria18 February 1922[49]
7Image Japan18 April 1922[50]
8Image Hungary23 May 1922[51]
9Image France16 June 1922[52]
10Image Czech Republic5 July 1922[53]
11Image United States4 December 1922[54]
12Image Greece4 January 1923[55]
13Image Turkey15 December 1923[56]
14Image Russia4 July 1924[57]
15Image Uruguay23 April 1932[58]
16Image Poland7 April 1937[59]
17Image North Korea29 November 1948[60]
18Image Mongolia24 March 1949[61]
19Image China23 November 1949[62]
20Image Vietnam11 February 1950[63]
21Image India3 March 1956[64]
22Image Egypt19 April 1956[65]
23Image Finland8 June 1956[66]
24Image SudanFebruary 1957[67]
25Image Ethiopia26 June 1958[68]
26Image Iraq14 August 1958[69]
27Image GuineaOctober 1958[67]
28Image SomaliaSeptember 1960[70]
29Image Cuba15 December 1960[71]
30Image Brazil4 April 1961[72]
31Image Ghana11 August 1961[67][73]
32Image Morocco11 February 1962[74]
33Image Cambodia5 September 1962[75]
34Image Algeria12 February 1963[76]
35Image Mali9 February 1965[77][78]
36Image Pakistan24 July 1965[67][79]
37Image Indonesia18 August 1965[80]
38Image Mauritania24 September 1965[67][81]
39Image TanzaniaMay 1966[67]
40Image Republic of the Congo23 June 1968[82]
41Image Kuwait8 August 1968[83]
42 Image Syria 27 May 1969[84]
43Image Sweden20 June 1969[85]
44Image Zambia9 July 1969[86]
45Image Libya6 May 1970[87]
46Image Central African Republic23 May 1970[88]
47Image Denmark29 May 1970[89]
48Image  Switzerland20 July 1970[90]
49Image Belgium13 November 1970[91]
50Image Netherlands17 November 1970[92]
—Image Iran (severed)24 May 1971[93]
51Image Norway29 May 1971[94]
52Image Chile10 September 1971[95]
53Image Peru6 December 1971[96]
54Image Luxembourg15 April 1972[97]
55Image   Nepal23 May 1972[98]
56Image Equatorial Guinea30 November 1972[99][100]
57Image Costa Rica20 February 1973[101]
58Image Malta5 March 1973[102]
59Image Senegal26 April 1973[103]
60Image Nigeria22 May 1973[104]
61Image Cameroon20 August 1973[105]
62Image Argentina4 October 1973[106]
63Image Tunisia8 October 1973[103]
64Image Burundi7 November 1973[107][108]
65Image New Zealand1973[107]
66Image Lebanon28 May 1974[99]
67Image Benin4 October 1974[109]
68Image Mexico15 October 1974[110]
69Image Guinea-Bissau15 November 1974[111]
70Image Gabon16 November 1974[112]
71Image Laos18 June 1975[113]
72Image Mozambique25 June 1975[114]
73Image Venezuela14 October 1975[115]
74Image Iceland9 April 1976[116]
75Image Madagascar28 April 1976[117]
76Image San Marino21 June 1976[118]
77Image Sierra Leone23 August 1976[119]
78Image Myanmar15 December 1976[120]
79Image Burkina Faso15 January 1977[121]
80Image Portugal21 June 1977[122]
81 Image Togo 25 June 1977[123][124]
82Image Bangladesh10 August 1977[125]
83 Image Mauritius October 1977[126]
84Image YemenMay 1978[127]
85Image Panama20 August 1978[128]
86Image São Tomé and Príncipe20 November 1979[129]
87Image NicaraguaNovember 1979[130]
88Image Colombia5 December 1979[131]
89Image Ecuador31 January 1980[132]
90Image Sri Lanka4 March 1980[133]
91Image Djibouti2 April 1980[134]
92Image Zimbabwe18 April 1980[135]
93Image Seychelles16 May 1980[136]
94Image Niger18 June 1980[137]
95 Image Lesotho June 1980[138]
96Image Cape Verde6 August 1980[139]
97Image Malaysia24 June 1981[140]
98Image Botswana30 August 1982[141]
99 Image Thailand 30 September 1982[142]
100Image Kenya2 February 1983[143]
101Image Barbados19 May 1983[144]
102Image Australia16 September 1984[145]
103Image Ivory Coast9 January 1985[146]
104Image Guyana1 April 1985[147][148]
105Image Malawi12 July 1985[149]
106Image Spain12 September 1986[150]
107Image Singapore20 November 1986[151]
108Image Jordan18 May 1987[152]
109Image Philippines11 June 1987[153]
110Image Bolivia21 August 1987[154]
111Image Canada10 September 1987[155]
112Image Germany2 October 1987[156]
113Image Angola17 August 1988[157]
—Image State of Palestine26 October 1989[158]
114Image Namibia2 August 1990[159]
115Image Israel19 August 1991[160]
116Image South Korea22 August 1991[161]
117Image Papua New Guinea28 August 1991[162]
118Image Cyprus29 August 1991[163]
—Image Holy See7 September 1991[164]
119Image Kyrgyzstan4 January 1992[165]
120Image Estonia17 January 1992[166]
121Image Slovenia10 March 1992[167][168]
122Image Lithuania27 April 1992[166]
123Image Latvia29 April 1992[166]
124Image United Arab Emirates1 June 1992[169]
125Image Paraguay29 July 1992[163]
126Image Croatia25 August 1992[170]
127Image Qatar26 August 1992[171]
128Image South Africa20 November 1992[172]
129Image Saudi Arabia2 December 1992[173]
130Image Oman7 December 1992[174]
131Image Moldova23 December 1992[175]
132Image Bosnia and Herzegovina28 December 1992[176]
133 Image Slovakia 1 January 1993[166]
134Image Ukraine13 January 1993[163]
135Image Guatemala29 January 1993[163]
136Image Armenia18 February 1993[177]
137Image Liechtenstein23 April 1993[178]
138Image Bahrain10 May 1993[179]
139Image Belarus17 May 1993[180]
140Image Georgia8 July 1993[181]
141Image Kazakhstan21 September 1993[182]
142Image Azerbaijan23 September 1993[183]
143Image Uzbekistan23 November 1993[184]
144Image Tajikistan22 December 1993[185]
145Image North Macedonia24 December 1993[186]
146Image Brunei27 January 1994[187]
147Image Turkmenistan24 March 1994[188]
—Image Sovereign Order of Malta14 July 1994[189]
148Image IrelandJanuary 1995[190]
149Image Andorra15 February 1996[191]
150Image Jamaica3 April 1996[163]
151Image Dominican Republic27 May 2002[192]
152Image El Salvador25 July 2003[193]
153Image Montenegro1 August 2006[194]
154Image Afghanistan16 August 2006[195]
—Image Kosovo18 February 2008[196]
155Image Maldives25 June 2008[197]
156Image Samoa1 August 2008[163]
157Image Fiji23 June 2010[198]
158Image Saint Lucia14 July 2010[163]
159Image Honduras2 September 2010[199]
160Image Nauru20 April 2011[163]
161Image Solomon Islands19 May 2011[200]
162Image Tuvalu1 June 2011[163]
163Image Monaco24 November 2011[201]
164Image Trinidad and Tobago13 May 2014[163]
165Image Saint Kitts and Nevis31 October 2018[202]
166 Image Dominica 20 March 2025[203]

In 2008 and 2009, the Albanian Parliament ordered the Foreign Ministry to establish diplomatic relations with countries which Albania did not maintain diplomatic relations with, namely Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Belize, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominica, East Timor, Eswatini, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Kiribati, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Palau, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Suriname, Rwanda, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda and Vanuatu.[204][205]

Diplomatic relations were suspended with Iran on 7 September 2022.[206]

Organizations

[edit]

Albania is member in these international organizations:[207]

AC, APF, BIE, BSEC, CEB, CoBx, CoE, CERN (Non-Member State), CEI, CCC, CEFTA, ECE, EAPC, EBRD, EITI, ECAA, ECAC, EC, ENTSO-E, Eurocontrol, FAO, FIUs, IAEA, IAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICC, ICRC, ICRM, ICCROM, IDA, IDB, IHO, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, OAS, OB, OIC, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, OTIF, PCA, SEECP, SECI, SETC, UN, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNDSS, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNW, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, UfM, VC, WB, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO and WTO.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

Africa

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Image Egypt19 April 1956[65]See Albania–Egypt relations
Image Libya6 May 1970[87]See Albania–Libya relations

Albania was one of the first countries to recognize the National Transitional Council on 18 July 2011 as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people.[210][211][212]

Image Tunisia8 October 1973[103]
  • Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements.[213]
Image Morocco11 February 1962[74]

Since the start of diplomatic relations, both countries have shown a willingness to collaborate, particularly in the field of trade. In January 2005, Albania revoked its 'de facto' recognition of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in favor of Morocco.[214]

Americas

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Image Brazil4 April 1961[72]See Albania–Brazil relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Brasília.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Tirana.
Image Canada10 September 1987[155]See Albania–Canada relations
  • Albania has an embassy in Ottawa.
  • Canada is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Rome, Italy and has an honorary consulate in Tirana.
Image Cuba 15 December 1960[71]
  • In September 1964, Cuba and Albania signed a pact for scientific cooperation.[215]
  • Albania is accredited to Cuba from its UN ambassador Besiana Kadare in New York.
  • Cuba is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria.[216]
Image Mexico15 October 1974[217]See Albania–Mexico relations

Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Albania on 15 October 1974. Shortly thereafter Mexico opened a resident embassy in Tirana, however the embassy was closed in 1979.[218]

  • Albania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., USA.[219]
  • Mexico is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in Tirana.[220]
Image United States4 December 1922[54]See Albania–United States relations

Asia

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Image Azerbaijan23 September 1993[183]See Albania–Azerbaijan relations
Image China23 November 1949[62]See Albania–China relations

People's Socialist Republic of Albania under Enver Hoxha, moved an annual resolution in the General Assembly to transfer China's seat at the United Nations from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China. On 25 October 1971, Resolution 2758, sponsored by Albania, was passed by the General Assembly, withdrawing recognition of the ROC as the legitimate government of China, and recognizing the PRC as the sole legitimate government of China. Albania was the first country to recognize the People's Republic China. Albania and People's Republic China established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1949.[62]

Image Cyprus29 August 1991[163]
Image India3 March 1956[64]See Albania–India relations
Image Iran24 May 1971[93] (suspended)[206] See Albania–Iran relations
  • Iran had an embassy in Tirana which closed in 2022.[225]
Image Israel19 August 1991[160]See Albania–Israel relations
Image Japan18 April 1922[50]See Albania–Japan relations

Albania and Japan resumed established diplomatic relations in March 1981.[228]

Image Kuwait8 August 1968[83]
  • Albania has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Tirana.
Image Malaysia24 June 1981[140]
Image North Korea29 November 1948[60]
Image Pakistan24 July 1965[67][79]In December 2006, Albanian deputy foreign minister Anton Gurakqui visited Pakistan to hold bilateral consultation with Pakistani political leadership. Pakistan also offers training facilities to young Albanian bureaucrats in the field of banking, finance, management and diplomacy.[229]
Image Palestine26 October 1989[158]See Albania–Palestine relations
Image Turkey15 December 1923[56]See Albania–Turkey relations

Europe

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Image Austria18 February 1922[49]See Albania–Austria relations
Image Belgium13 November 1970[91]See Albania–Belgium relations
Image BulgariaApril 1914[47]See Albania–Bulgaria relations
Image Croatia25 August 1992[170]See Albania–Croatia relations
Image Czech Republic5 July 1922[53]See Albania–Czech Republic relations

The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the People's Republic of Albania and the Socialist Republic of Romania participated in the invasion. Albania formally withdrew form the Warsaw Pact in 1968 over the matter.[231]

Image Denmark1 May 1970[232]See Albania–Denmark relations
Image Estonia17 January 1992[166]See Albania–Estonia relations
Image France16 June 1922[52]See Albania–France relations
Image Germany2 October 1987[156]See Albania–Germany relations
Image Greece4 January 1923[55]See Albania–Greece relations
  • Greece is Albania's most important European Union ally and partner.[235]
  • Relations since the election victory of Edi Rama in 2013 have seen massive improvement and warming of relations between the two nations.[35]
  • Many organisations both political and societal exist in Albania and Greece promoting relations between the two nations.[236]
  • As of 2014 both nations have described their relations as 'excellent' and Albania considered Greece one of its 'strongest and most important allies', both NATO nations have close relations nowadays.[237]
Image Holy See7 September 1991[164]See Albania–Holy See relations
  • Albania has an embassy to the Holy See in Rome.[238]
  • Holy See has a resident nunciature (embassy) in Tirana.[238]
  • Pope Francis visited Albania on 21 September, which the first nation in Europe he visited.[239]
Image Hungary23 May 1922[51]See Albania–Hungary relations
Image Iceland9 April 1976[116]See Albania–Iceland relations
  • Albania is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[240]
  • Iceland is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[241]
Image IrelandJanuary 1995[190]See Albania–Ireland relations
  • Albania is accredited to Ireland from its embassy in London, United Kingdom.[242]
  • Ireland is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens, Greece.[243]
Image Italy21 February 1914[45]See Albania–Italy relations
  • On 14 January 2011, Albania signed a pact with Italy for a corporal foreign strategy.[244]
Image Kosovo18 February 2008[196]See Albania–Kosovo relations
Image Latvia29 April 1992[166]See Albania–Latvia relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1928 and were restored in 1992.[245]
  • Albania is represented in Latvia by its embassy in Warsaw, Poland.[245]
  • Latvia is represented in Albania by its embassy in Rome, Italy and an honorary consulate in Tirana.[246]
  • Both countries have a number of bilateral agreements.[247]
Image Lithuania27 April 1992[166]See Albania–Lithuania relations
Image Montenegro1 August 2006[194]See Albania–Montenegro relations
Image Netherlands17 November 1970[92]See Albania–Netherlands relations
Image North Macedonia24 December 1993[186]See Albania–North Macedonia relations
Image Poland7 April 1937[59]See Albania–Poland relations
Image Portugal21 June 1977[122]See Albania–Portugal relations
Image Romania28 December 1913[44]See Albania–Romania relations
Image Russia4 July 1924[57]See Albania–Russia relations
Image Serbia25 April 1914[46]See Albania-Serbia relations
Image Slovakia1 January 1993[166]See Albania–Slovakia relations
Image Slovenia10 March 1992[167][168]See Albania–Slovenia relations
Image Spain12 September 1986[150]See Albania–Spain relations
Image Ukraine13 January 1993[163]See Albania–Ukraine relations
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Tirana [248]
Image United Kingdom9 November 1921[48]See Albania–United Kingdom relations
  • Albania maintains an embassy in London.[249]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Albania through its embassy in Tirana.[250]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,[251] an Investment Agreement,[252] a Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement,[253] a Readmission Agreement,[48] and an Agreement on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons.[48]

Oceania

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Image Australia16 September 1984[145]See Albania–Australia relations

Multilateral

[edit]
Organisation Formal Relations Began Notes
Image European Union20 June 1991[254]See Accession of Albania to the European Union

Albania applied in 2009 to join and became an official candidate in June 2014. The Commission recommended the launch of negotiations on 9 November 2016.[255] In 2020 EU ministers agree to start accession talks,[1] on 19 July 2022 Albania starts accession talks and holds the first Intergovernmental Conference on accession negotiations.[29]

Image NATO1992See Albania–NATO relations

At the 2008 Bucharest summit, NATO invited Albania to join the alliance. In April 2009 Albania became a full member of NATO, which remains popular in the country especially due to its intervention in the Kosovo war on behalf of ethnic Albanians.[256] Within the Balkans, Albania is considered to be the most pro-European and pro-Western country in the region and unlike its neighbours, except Kosovo, it has negligible support for Russia.[257][24]

Image United Nations14 December 1955See Albania and the United Nations

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Konferencë për shtyp e Ministrit të Punëve të Jashtme z. Panariti lidhur me vizitën e fundit në Greqi, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Albania, 2012-10-06 (in Albanian)
  2. 1 2 3 Bogdani, Mirela; Loughlin, John (2007). Albania and the European Union: the tumultuous journey towards integration and accession. London: IB Tauris. p. 191. ISBN 9781845113087.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Xhudo, Gazmen (1996). Diplomacy and crisis management in the Balkans: A US foreign policy perspective. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 50–53. ISBN 9781349249473.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Uzgel, Ilhan (2001). "The Balkans: Turkey's Stabilizing role". In Rubin, Barry; Kirişci, Kemal (eds.). Turkey in world politics: An emerging multiregional power. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 54–56. ISBN 978-1555879549.
  5. 1 2 3 Sayari, Sabri (2000). "Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Challenges of Multi-Regionalism". Journal of International Affairs. 54 (1): 178–179. JSTOR 24357694.
  6. 1 2 Larrabee, F. Stephen; Lesser, Ian O. (2003). Turkish foreign policy in an age of uncertainty. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation. pp. 94. ISBN 9780833034045. albania.
  7. ↑ Soler i Lecha, Eduard (2013). "Turkey's potential (and controversial) contribution to the Global 'Actorness' of the EU". In Güney, Nurşin Ateşoğlu (ed.). Contentious issues of security and the future of Turkey. Ashgate Publishing. p. 41. ISBN 9781409498070.
  8. ↑ Ağir, Bülent Sarper; Arman, Murat Necip (2016). "Turkish foreign policy towards the Western Balkans in the Post War Era: Political and Security Dimensions". In Demir, Sertif (ed.). Turkey's Foreign Policy and Security Perspectives in the 21st Century. Brown Walker Press. pp. 149–150. ISBN 9781627345866.
  9. ↑ Constantinides, Stephanos (1996). "Turkey the emergence of a new foreign policy the neo-Ottoman imperial model". Journal of Political and Military Sociology. 24 (2): 329. "The Turkish policy exploited the difficulties between Albania and Greece but also the fact that Islam is the main religion of the country. Furthermore, close relations with Albania were encouraged by the Americans and Europeans considering the Turkish presence in the area as a factor of stability."
  10. ↑ Deliso, Christopher (2007). The Coming Balkan Caliphate: The Threat of Radical Islam to Europe and the West. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 38. ISBN 9780275995256.
  11. ↑ Karaosmanoğlu, Ali (2006). "Turkey Southeastern Europe and Russia". In Blitz, Brad K. (ed.). War and change in the Balkans: nationalism, conflict and cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 192. ISBN 9780521677738.
  12. ↑ Vickers, Miranda (1998). Between Serb and Albanian: a History of Kosovo. New York: Hurst and Company. pp. xvi. ISBN 9780231113823.. "But the essential factor is that Kosovo borders on the Republic of Albania which is militarily allied with Turkey against Serbia, and the mountains separating the Kosovo plain from Albania and from Macedonia are the only natural protection in case of conflict with these countries."
  13. ↑ Sönmezoğlou, Faruk; Gülden, Ayman (2003). "The roots of conflict and the dynamics of change in Turkish-Greek relations". In Kollias, Chrēstos G.; Günlük-Şenesen, Gülay; Ayman, Gülden (eds.). Greece and Turkey in the 21st Century: Conflict Or Cooperation, a Political Economy Perspective. New York: Nova Publishers. p. 38. ISBN 9781590337530.
  14. ↑ Hodge, Carole (2006). "Albania, Italy and Greece: Some geopolitical considerations". In Blitz, Brad K. (ed.). War and change in the Balkans: nationalism, conflict and cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 229. ISBN 9780521677738.
  15. 1 2 Xhudo 1995, pp. 132–133. "Turkish links with Albania... Greece felt that Turkey was allying itself with the area's Muslims (perhaps with aims to revive the heyday of the Ottomans) and seeking to isolate Greece. Turkey denied those charges and claimed that Greece was exacerbating tensions in the Balkans. Given its historic ties to Albania, coupled with the positive relations established between Turkey and Albania, Ankara has begun to express concern over the polemics between Greece and Albania. Turkey has voiced such concern with slight bias on Albania's behalf much to the anger of the Greeks. Greece, aware of military treaties between Turkey and Albania naturally denounced Turkey's meddling in Greek affairs souring regional relations further."
  16. ↑ Ekinci 2013, pp. 193, 195–196.
  17. 1 2 Ekinci 2013, p. 196.
  18. ↑ Ekinci 2013, p. 193.
  19. 1 2 Lani, Remzi; Schmidt, Fabian (1998). "Albanian foreign policy between geography and history". The International Spectator. 33 (2): 79. doi:10.1080/03932729808456809. p. 90. "In a broader Balkan context, Turkey has always seen the Albanians as its natural allies in the Balkans. If the Greeks and Serbs have stood on one side of the scale, the Turks and the Albanians have stood on the other. Although some kind of dissatisfaction with Nano's government is felt in Ankara over what is seen in the Turkish capital as Tirana's pro-Greek orientation, Turkey continues to have close military ties with Tirana; indeed, it is playing an important role in the re-organization of the disintegrated Albanian army. Albania's most important military base, which was destroyed during the armed uprising last year, will be rebuilt by Turkey."
  20. ↑ Bishku 2013, pp. 95–96.
  21. ↑ Ekinci 2013, pp. 196, 201.
  22. ↑ Ekinci 2013, p. 201.
  23. ↑ Ekinci 2013, p. 191.
  24. 1 2 Return to Instability: How migration and great power politics threaten the Western Balkans (PDF) (Report). European Council on Foreign Relations. 2015. pp. 5, 9–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
  25. ↑ Schmidt-Neke, Michael (2014). "A burden of Legacies: The transformation of Albanian's political system". In Pichler, Robert (ed.). Legacy and Change: Albanian Transformation from Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 15. ISBN 9783643905666.
  26. ↑ "Albanians in Turkey celebrate their cultural heritage". Today's Zaman. 21 August 2011. Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  27. ↑ Tabak, Hüsrev (3 March 2013). "Albanian awakening: The worm has turned!". Today's Zaman. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  28. 1 2 Petrović & Reljić 2011, pp. 162, 166, 169.
  29. 1 2 "Genci Muçaj: Albania enjoys magnificent relations with Turkey Archived 3 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine". Koha Jonë. 14 Mars 2015. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
  30. ↑ Bishku 2013, pp. 97–99.
  31. ↑ Petrović & Reljić 2011, p. 170.
  32. ↑ Bishku 2013, pp. 99–101.
  33. ↑ Bishku 2013, pp. 101–103.
  34. ↑ Konidaris, Gerasimos (2005). "Examining policy responses to immigration in the light of relations and foreign policy objectives: Greece and Albania". In King, Russell; Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (eds.). The new Albanian migration. Brighton: Sussex Academic. ISBN 9781903900789. pp. 80–81. "Greece's favorite candidate in these elections was clearly MR. Nano. As emerges from the interview material, he –unlike Berisha- was held in high esteem by the Greek side. It should not escape notice that Nano was by origin Orthodox Christian from Southern Albania, whereas Berisha was a northern Muslim... Greece's favour towards Nano was clearly demonstrated in June, when he was allowed to speak to a crowd of Albanian citizens at a pre-election rally in one of Athens' central squares. The police did not interfere and no arrests of illegal immigrants were made."
  35. 1 2 Maria Papathanasiou (4 November 2013). "Karolos Papoulias visits Albania - GreekReporter.com". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  36. ↑ "Albeu.com - Greece supports EU candidate status for Albania". Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  37. ↑ Abadzi, Helen (Winter 2011). "Historical Greek-Albanian Relations: Some Mysteries and Riddles". Mediterranean Quarterly. 22 (1): 41–60. doi:10.1215/10474552-1189647. S2CID 153541212. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  38. ↑ "Ισμαήλ Κεμάλ, ο μέγας φιλέλληνας" [Ismail Kemal, the great philhellene]. Himara.gr (in Greek). 30 October 2012. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  39. ↑ Dimopoulos, Marios. "Efforts for the creation of a Greek-Albanian federation (19th–20th century)". Pelasgians-Greeks-Albanians. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
  40. 1 2 3 Lederer, Edith M. (11 June 2021). "Brazil, UAE, Albania, Ghana and Gabon win UN council seats". AP NEWS.
  41. ↑ "CIA – The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 15 January 2026. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  42. ↑ "Background Notes: Albania". 1997-2001.state.gov. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  43. ↑ "Speaker of the Saeima Daiga Mieriņa welcomes the Speakers of the Parliaments of Albania, Croatia, Cyprus, Portugal, and Tonga, emphasising support for Ukraine". Saiema. 24 October 2024. Archived from the original on 12 December 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  44. 1 2 "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  45. 1 2 Annuario diplomatico del Regno d'Italia ... (in Italian). Italia : Ministero degli affari esteri. 1931. p. 31.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  46. 1 2 "Bilateral cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  47. 1 2 "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  48. 1 2 3 4 "Relations between Albania and United Kingdom". Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  49. 1 2 "BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN ALBANIA AND AUSTRIA". 27 December 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  50. 1 2 "Japan - Albania Celebrate a Century of Friendly Relations". Albanian Daily News. 18 April 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  51. 1 2 "Bilateral relations between Albania and Hungary". Republic of Albania Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  52. 1 2 "Ja kush janë 32 ambasadorët e Francës në Shqipëri nga viti 1922 kur u vendosën marrëdhëniet diplomatike" (in Albanian). 22 June 2021. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  53. 1 2 "Relation between Albania – Czech Republic". Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  54. 1 2 "All Countries". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  55. 1 2 "Shqipëri-Greqi, 50 vjet më pas" (in Albanian). 6 May 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  56. 1 2 "100 Years of Diplomatic Relations between Albania and Türkiye". 26 January 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  57. 1 2 Soviet Foreign Policy: 1945-1980. Progress Publishers. 1981. pp. 642–681.
  58. ↑ "Hoy cumplimos 93 años de relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Albania" (in Spanish). 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
  59. 1 2 "80-lecie nawiązania stosunków dyplomatycznych pomiędzy Polską i Albanią" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
  60. 1 2 "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  61. ↑ "List of Countries Maintaining Diplomatic Relations with Mongolia" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  62. 1 2 3 "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  63. ↑ "Europe". April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  64. 1 2 "Bilateral relations between Albania and India". Republic of Albania Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  65. 1 2 "Relations between the Republic of Albania and the Arab Republic of Egypt". Embassy of the Republic of Albania in Egypt. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
  66. ↑ "Countries and regions A–Z". Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  67. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Directory of Officials of the People's Republic of Albania. CIA. 1974. pp. 5–7.
  68. ↑ International Affairs. Znanye Publishing House. 1958. p. 110. It was announced on June 26 that diplomatic relations had been established between Albania and Ethiopia .
  69. ↑ The Middle East Journal Volumes 12-13. Middle East Institute. 1958. p. 428.
  70. ↑ Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act... United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. 1961. p. 198.
  71. 1 2 "Memoria anual 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2015. pp. 19–25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019.
  72. 1 2 "RELATION BETWEEN ALBANIA AND BRAZIL". Republic of Albania Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  73. ↑ News from Hsinhua News Agency Daily bulletin · Issues 1311-1326. 1961. p. 33. ... governments of albania and ghana agreed on establishing diplomatic relations and exchanging diplomatic representatives at ambassadorial level
  74. 1 2 "Albanie". Royaume du Maroc Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation (in French). Archived from the original on 30 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  75. ↑ Cambodian Commentary. Ministère de l'information du Cambodge. 1963. p. 59.
  76. ↑ "CHRONOLOGIE INTERNATIONALE: Etablissement des relations diplomatiques par l'Algérie" (in French). p. 39. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  77. ↑ Voss, Joachim (1965). East Bloc Propaganda Activity in Mali. p. 8.
  78. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1965. p. 245. ( SG 1 Mali - Albania . M. Gaqo P : Albania's Ambassador to Mali, preser his credentials on February 9th ...
  79. 1 2 Pakistan Horizon Volumes 18-19. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 1965. p. 311. July 24th ... The Governments of Pakistan and Albania decided to establish diplomatic relations
  80. ↑ News from Hsinhua News Agency: daily bulletin, 2776–2790. 1965. p. 35.
  81. ↑ News from Hsinhua News Agency daily bulletin. Xin hua tong xun she. 1965. p. 22. ... albania, mauritania establish diplomatic relations tirana, september twenty fourth chsinhua) the albanian and mauritanian governments have decided to establish diplomatic relations, according to press reports
  82. ↑ Chronologie politique africaine - Volume 9 (in French). Centre d'étude des relations internationales. 1968. p. 47.
  83. 1 2 "Bilateral Relations". Albanian Embassy in Kuwait. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  84. ↑ ARR Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1969. p. 210. A joint communique released on 27 May stated that Syria and the Albanian People's Republic had agreed to establish full diplomatic relations.
  85. ↑ "BILATERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN ALBANIA AND SWEDEN". Republic of Albania Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  86. ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3118-3192. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1969. p. 6.
  87. 1 2 ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1970. p. 269.
  88. ↑ Yearbook on International Communist Affairs. Hoover Institution Press. 1971. p. 8.
  89. ↑ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Albania. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  90. ↑ "Bilateral Relations". Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  91. 1 2 "On 13 November 1970, exactly 50 years ago, Belgium and Albania established bilateral diplomatic relations". Embassy of Belgium in Sofia. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  92. 1 2 "Relations between Albania and the Kingdom of Netherlands". Republic of Albania Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  93. 1 2 Iran Almanac and Book of Facts. Echo of Iran. 1973. p. 167.
  94. ↑ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  95. ↑ Castillo, Jorge Vera (1987). La Política exterior chilena durante el gobierno del presidente Salvador Allende, 1970-1973 (in Spanish). Instituto de Estudios de las Relaciones Internacionales Contemporáneas. pp. 546–547.
  96. ↑ "Acuerdo para el establecimiento de relaciones diplomaticas entre el Peru y Albania". Archivo Nacional de Tratados (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  97. ↑ "Vendosja e marrëdhënieve diplomatike me Luksemburgun, 15 shkurt 1972". punetejashtme.gov.al (in Albanian). Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  98. ↑ "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  99. 1 2 van Heuven, Marten H. A. (1975). "Normalizations of Relations with the People's Republic of Albania: A Slow Process". The International Lawyer. 9 (2): 321.
  100. ↑ Daily Report Eastern Europe. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1972. p. 12.
  101. ↑ Current Background. United States. Consulate General (Hong Kong). 1973. p. 4.
  102. ↑ "Malta". punetejashtme.gov.al. Retrieved 19 June 2026.
  103. 1 2 3 "Albania in the Focus of World Press in Years 1970-1973". Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 3 (8): 196. April 2012.
  104. ↑ Daily Report: Eastern Europe. The Service. 1973. p. 10.
  105. ↑ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1973. p. 2969.
  106. ↑ "Biblioteca Digital de Tratados" (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  107. 1 2 Directory of Albanian officials. CIA. 1988. pp. 41–47. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  108. ↑ Ispi - Annuario Di Politica Internazionale (in Italian). EDIZIONI DEDALO. 1973. p. 784. ISBN 978-88-220-1003-2.
  109. ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 4717-4792. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1974. p. 5.
  110. ↑ Informe de labores. Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 1975. p. 39.
  111. ↑ Current Background, Issues 1023-1028. American Consulate General. 1975. p. 4.
  112. ↑ Current Background, Issues 1023-1028. American Consulate General, 1975. p. 4.
  113. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos. Archived from the original on 1 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  114. ↑ Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Press. 1999. p. 215.
  115. ↑ Libro amarillo correspondiente al año ...: presentado al Congreso Nacional en sus sesiones ordinarias de ... por el titular despacho (in Spanish). Venezuela. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2003. pp. 528–529.
  116. 1 2 "Iceland - Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  117. ↑ Current Background Issues 1045-1048. American Consulate General. 1976. p. 4. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  118. ↑ "Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  119. ↑ Daily Report: Eastern Europe - Volume 76, Issues 159-170 - Page 21. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1976.
  120. ↑ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
  121. ↑ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1977. p. 7.
  122. 1 2 "Países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  123. ↑ Revue française d'études politiques africaines Issues 133-139 (in French). Société africaine d'édition. 1977. p. 39. TOGO ... 25 - Etablissement de relations diplomatiques avec l'Albanie
  124. ↑ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1978. Выпуск двадцать второй: Зарубежные страны в 1977" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 196. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  125. ↑ Asian Almanac 16. V.T. Sambandan. 1978. p. 8597.
  126. ↑ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1978. Выпуск двадцать второй: Зарубежные страны в 1977" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 196. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  127. ↑ Directory of Officials of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, National Foreign Assessment Center. 1979. p. 69.
  128. ↑ "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  129. ↑ Yearbook on International Communist Affairs. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University. 1980. p. 11.
  130. ↑ Valenta, Jiri (2019). Conflict In Nicaragua: A Multidimensional Perspective. Routledge.
  131. ↑ "Directorio del Cuerpo Diplomático y Consular acreditado en la República de Colombia" (PDF). cancilleria.gov.co (in Spanish). 14 April 2015. pp. 7–12. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  132. ↑ Carta de noticias. Vol. 189–223. Dirección General de Información y Prensa, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 1979. p. 3.
  133. ↑ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  134. ↑ La République de Djibouti: naissance d'un Etat : chronologie. Imprimerie Officielle, 1982. p. 161.
  135. ↑ Directory of Albanian Officials. CIA. 1988. p. 81.
  136. ↑ Legum, Colin (1982). Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents. Africana Publishing Company. p. 300.
  137. ↑ Sub-Saharan Africa Report No. 2278. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 13 August 1980. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  138. ↑ Yearbook on International Communist Affairs. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University. 1981. p. 219. During 1980, PSRA established diplomatic relations with Ecuador (January), Sri Lanka (March), Djibouti (April), Zimbabwe (April), the Seychelles (May), Niger (June), Lesotho (June), and Cape Verde (August) .
  139. ↑ Le mois en Afrique - Issues 176-181 (in French). 1980. p. 138.
  140. 1 2 "Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara - negara luar" (in Malay). Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  141. ↑ Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055. Keesing's Limited., 1983.
  142. ↑ "ความสัมพันธ์ทวิภาคี" (in Thai). Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  143. ↑ "Kenya and Albania Set Ties". New York Times. 2 February 1983. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  144. ↑ "LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados). Archived from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  145. 1 2 "Australia-Albania Ties". New York Times. 16 September 1984. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  146. ↑ Keesing's Contemporary Archives - Volume 31 - Page 33559. Keesing's Limited. 1985.
  147. ↑ "1 April 1985, were established diplomatic relations between Albania and Guyana". qmksh.al. Retrieved 5 October 2026.
  148. ↑ Daily Report Latin America · Volume 85, Issues 62-72. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1985. pp. P-26.
  149. ↑ Daily Report: Eastern Europe. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1985. p. 154.
  150. 1 2 "Bilateral relations between Albania and Spain". Republic of Albania Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  151. ↑ "Diplomatic & consular list". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  152. ↑ Daily Report: Eastern Europe - Issues 95-103. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1987.
  153. ↑ "The Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Albania celebrate 36 years of formal diplomatic relations". 11 June 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  154. ↑ Tratados y convenios bilaterales (in Spanish). Bolivia. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto. 1989. p. 13.
  155. 1 2 Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved 26 June 2023.
  156. 1 2 "Albanien: Steckbrief". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 6 March 2025.
  157. ↑ NewsBulletin (87-114). Agencia Angola Press. 1988.
  158. 1 2 Daily Report: East Europe. Index, 12, Del 1. Newsbank. 1992. p. 11.
  159. ↑ "Agreement on the establishment of Diplomatic Relations between Namibia and Albania, signed on 02 August 1990". Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  160. 1 2 "30 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Albania and Israel". 19 August 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  161. ↑ Korea, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of. "Countries and Regions > Europe > List of the Countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea (in Korean). Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  162. ↑ "28 AUGUST, ALBANIA ESTABLISHES DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THREE COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD". 28 August 2020. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
  163. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Diplomatic relations between Albania and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  164. 1 2 "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  165. ↑ "Список стран, с которыми Кыргызская Республика установила дипломатические отношения". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kyrgyzstan) (in English and Russian). Retrieved 3 October 2026.
  166. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Bilateral relations". Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  167. 1 2 "Priznanja in diplomatski odnosi" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia (in Slovenian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  168. 1 2 Đogić, Mojca Pristavec (September 2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  169. ↑ "Albania and UAE Celebrate 30 Years of Diplomacy with Focus on Women's Empowerment". exit.al. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  170. 1 2 "Bilateral Relations of Croatia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 11 December 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  171. ↑ "Diplomat sees promising future for Albania-Qatar relations". 5 December 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  172. ↑ South Africa News Update. South African Consulate-General. 1992.
  173. ↑ "Relations between Republic of Albania and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  174. ↑ Country Report: Oman, Yemen. The Unit. 1992. p. 12.
  175. ↑ "Bilateral relations". MFA Moldova. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  176. ↑ "Lista zemalja koje su priznale Bosnu i Hercegovinu i datumi uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (in Bosnian). 2010. Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  177. ↑ "Albania". Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  178. ↑ "Bilateral relations between Albania and Liechtenstein". Republic of Albania Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  179. ↑ "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  180. ↑ "Belarus to increase exports to Albania". 17 March 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  181. ↑ "Relations between Georgia and the Republic of Albania". Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  182. ↑ "September 21. Kazinform's timeline of major events". Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  183. 1 2 "Albania". Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  184. ↑ "States with Which the Republic of Uzbekistan Established Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Retrieved 6 February 2025.
  185. ↑ "List of states with which the Republic of Tajikistan established diplomatic relations" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  186. 1 2 "Билатерални односи" (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  187. ↑ Brunei Darussalam Newsletter - Issues 133-156 - Page 7. Department of Information, Prime Minister's Office. 1994.
  188. ↑ "States with which Turkmenistan established diplomatic ties". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  189. ↑ "Katalogu i Dokumentacionit i Vitit 1994" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2026.
  190. 1 2 "Albanian foreign minister leaves for Ireland". Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2020.
  191. ↑ "Bilateral affairs - Albania". Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  192. ↑ "ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  193. ↑ "REGISTRO DE FECHAS DE ESTABLECIMIENTO DE RD" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  194. 1 2 Government of Montenegro. "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  195. ↑ "Tirana nadviazala diplomatické vzťahy s Afganistanom" (in Slovak). 16 August 2006. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  196. 1 2 Gëzim Visoka (2018). Acting Like a State: Kosovo and the Everyday Making of Statehood. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 219. ISBN 9781138285330.
  197. ↑ "High Commission of the Republic of MALDIVES | the Republic of the Maldives and the Republic of Albania Establishes Diplomatic Relations". Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  198. ↑ "Formal diplomatic relations list" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  199. ↑ "Honduras anuncia relaciones diplomáticas con Albania" (in Spanish). 2 September 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  200. ↑ "Countries Solomon Islands has Diplomatic Relations with the Countries' National Days". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands. August 2020. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2026.
  201. ↑ "Rapport Politique Extérieure 2011" (PDF). Government of Monaco (in French). 2012. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  202. ↑ "Establishment of diplomatic relations with St. Kitts and Nevis". 31 October 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  203. ↑ "Albania establishes diplomatic relations with Caribbean island for the first time". 20 March 2025. Retrieved 21 March 2025.
  204. ↑ "Legjislacioni Shqiptar 2001-2009" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  205. ↑ "Albania sets diplomatic ties with 30 Africa, Oceania countries". Tirana Times. 5 July 2008. Archived from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  206. 1 2 "Albania cuts Iran ties over cyberattack, U.S. vows further action". Reuters. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  207. ↑ Albania, CIA The World Factbook
  208. ↑ "Albanian Embassy in Egypt". www.ambasadat.gov.al. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  209. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Home". www.mfa.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  210. ↑ "The Government of the Republic of Albania recognises the National Transitional Council in Libya, as the legitimate representative of the Libyan people". 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  211. ↑ "Albania recognizes the Transitional Council of Libya". 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  212. ↑ Likmeta, Besar (18 July 2011). "Albania Backs Libya's Rebel Government". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  213. ↑ "Accueil". diplomatie.gov.tn. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022.
  214. ↑ "Marrëdhëniet Shqipëri –Marok". punetejashtme.gov.al (in Albanian).
  215. ↑ "Cuba and Albania Sign Pact For Scientific Cooperation". The New York Times. 16 September 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  216. ↑ "Embassy of Cuba in Bulgaria". CUBADIPLOMATICA. 24 May 2016. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
  217. ↑ Washington, D. C. :The Agency; United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence. Directory of Albanian officials /Directorate of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency. George A. Smathers Libraries University of Florida. Washington, D.C. : The Agency : Available through DOCEX Project, Library of Congress; Springfield, Va. : National Technical Information Service [distributor].
  218. ↑ "Relations between Mexico and Albania (in Spanish)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  219. ↑ "Embassy of Albania in the United States".
  220. ↑ "Inicio". embamex.sre.gob.mx.
  221. ↑ "MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Foreign Diplomatic Missions in Cyprus". www.mfa.gov.cy. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  222. ↑ "MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Bilateral Relations". 24 September 2016. Archived from the original on 24 September 2016.
  223. ↑ "MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Cyprus Diplomatic Missions Abroad". 5 March 2017. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017.
  224. ↑ "Albania" (PDF). Republic of Cyprus. 5 March 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2017.
  225. ↑ "Albanian police search empty Iranian embassy after papers burned". Reuters. 8 September 2026. Retrieved 2 August 2026.
  226. ↑ "Overseas Embassies and Consulates of Albania". embassy.goabroad.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  227. ↑ "Israel opens embassy in Albania". UPI. Jerusalem. 2 August 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
  228. ↑ Japan-Albania Relations, Website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
  229. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Mofa.gov.pk. 14 December 2006. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
  230. 1 2 Bulgaria. Embassy Pages.
  231. ↑ "1955: Communist states sign Warsaw Pact". BBC News. 14 May 1955. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  232. ↑ "The Milwaukee Sentinel - May 1, 1970 (Establish Ties)". The Milwaukee Sentinel. 1 May 1970. Retrieved 23 February 2011. Denmark has agreed to establish diplomatic relations on ambassadorial level with Albania [permanent dead link]
  233. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Albania: Denmark" (in Albanian). Foreign Affairs of Albania. Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  234. ↑ "Danish embassy in Tirana, Albania". Foreign Affairs of Denmark. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  235. ↑ "Albeu.com – Greece supports EU candidate status for Albania". Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  236. ↑ "Pelasgians – Greeks – Albanias – Greeks – Albanians". Pelasgians – Greeks – Albanias. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  237. ↑ "Albanian official: 'We are much more pro-European than several EU members'". EurActiv – EU News & policy debates, across languages. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  238. 1 2 "Vatican and Albania Establishing Relations". New York Times. 8 September 1991. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  239. ↑ "This page has been removed". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  240. ↑ "Government of Iceland | 404". www.government.is.
  241. ↑ "Bilateral Relations | Albanian Embassy in Sweden". Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  242. ↑ "Albanian embassy in Ireland". VisaHQ. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  243. ↑ "Irish embassy in Albania". Ireland.visahq.com. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
  244. ↑ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Esteri.it. 14 January 2011. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  245. 1 2 "Bilateral Relations | Albanian Embassy in Poland".
  246. ↑ "Diplomatic missions - MFA of Latvia". www.mfa.gov.lv. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  247. ↑ "Bilateral Agreements - MFA of Latvia". www.mfa.gov.lv. Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  248. ↑ Kitsoft. "Міністерство закордонних справ України - A new level of bilateral relations: Ukraine has established an Embassy in Albania". mfa.gov.ua. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  249. ↑ Diplomat Magazine (1 May 2016). "British Embassy Tirana". Diplomat Magazine. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
  250. ↑ "British Embassy Tirana". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  251. ↑ HM Revenue and Customs (1 December 2013). "Albania: tax treaties". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 21 February 2025. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
  252. ↑ "Albania - United Kingdom BIT (1994)". UN Trade and Development. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
  253. ↑ Morton, Wendy; Jayawardena, Ranil (5 February 2021). "UK and Albania sign Agreement to deepen economic relationship and political efforts to tackle serious organised crime". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  254. ↑ "Perspectives and challenges of Albania's integration in the EU - From the fall of communism to the Thessaloniki Summit 1991-2006". Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences. 10: 86. November 2004.
  255. ↑ "COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS" (PDF). europa.eu. 9 November 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  256. ↑ Borodij, Sebastian (2012). "Involvement of Central European states in the military operations of NATO". In Czechowska, Lucyn; Olszewski, Krzysztof (eds.). Central Europe on the Threshold of the 21st Century: Interdisciplinary perspectives on Challenges in Politics and Society. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-4438-4254-9.
  257. ↑ Ragionieri, Rodolfo (2008). "Mediterranean Geopolitics". In Petricioli, Marta (ed.). L'Europe Méditerranéenne [Mediterranean Europe]. Berlin: Peter Lang. pp. 46. ISBN 9789052013541.
[edit]
United Kingdom
Estonian
Croatia
Kosovo
Turkey
Russia
Analysis

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State. Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2025 ed.). CIA.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Albania&oldid=1378630136"