Devanagari numerals
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The Devanagari numerals are the symbols used to write numbers in the Devanagari script, predominantly used for northern Indian languages. They are used to write decimal numbers, instead of the Western Arabic numerals.
Table
[edit]In modern-era, languages like Hindi, Marathi and Nepali have adopted Devanagari as the standard script, before which they were respectively written using Kaithi, Modi and Newari scripts.
| Modern Devanagari | Western Arabic |
Words for the cardinal number | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanskrit (wordstem) |
Hindi | Marathi | Nepali | ||
| ० | 0 | शून्य (śūnya) | शून्य[1] (śūnya) | शून्य (śūnya) | शून्य (śūnya) — colloq.सुन्ना[2] (sunnā) |
| १ | 1 | एक (eka) | एक (ek) | एक (ek) | एक (ek) |
| २ | 2 | द्वि (dvi) | दो (do) | दोन (don) | दुई (dui) |
| ३ | 3 | त्रि (tri) | तीन (tīn) | तीन (tīn) | तिन (tīn) |
| ४ | 4 | चतुर् (catur) | चार (cār) | चार (cār) | चार (cār) |
| ५ | 5 | पञ्च (pañca) | पाँच (pāñc) | पाच (pāch) | पाँच (pāñc) |
| ६ | 6 | षष् (ṣaṣ) | छह (chah) | सहा (sahā) | छ (chha) |
| ७ | 7 | सप्त (sapta) | सात (sāt) | सात (sāt) | सात (sāt) |
| ८ | 8 | अष्ट (aṣṭa) | आठ (āṭh) | आठ (āṭh) | आठ (āṭh) |
| ९ | 9 | नव (nava) | नौ (nau) | नऊ (naū) | नौ (nau) |
The word śūnya for zero was calqued into Arabic as صفر sifr, meaning 'nothing', which became the term "zero" in many European languages via Medieval Latin zephirum.[3] In Hindustani language, it was borrowed from Arabic (via Persian) as सिफ़र (sifar).
Variants
[edit] | This section needs more citations. (September 2017) |
Devanagari digits shapes may vary depending on geographical area or epoch. Some of the variants are also seen in older Sanskrit literature.[4][5]
| १ |  Common |
 Nepali |
1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ५ |  "Bombay" Variant |
 "Calcutta" Variant |
5 |
| ८ |  "Bombay" Variant |
 "Calcutta" Variant |
8 |
| ९ |  Common |
 Nepali Variant |
9 |
In Nepali language ५, ८, ९ (5, 8, 9) - these numbers are slightly different from modern Devanagari numbers. The Nepali language uses the old Devanagari system for writing these numbers, like ५, ८, ९
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Notes
- ↑ "शून्य (Shoony) का तद्भव - Hindi Tutor". hinditutor.in.
- ↑ "सुन्ना". Wiktionary, the free dictionary. 28 February 2021.
- ↑ "zero - Origin and meaning of zero by Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
- ↑ Devanagari for TEX version 2.17, page 22
- ↑ "Alternate digits in Devanagari". Scriptsource.org. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- Sources
- Sanskrit Siddham (Bonji) Numbers Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
- Devanagari Numbers in Nepali language
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