MA0HMATIKA KATEY0YNl:Hl: B AYKEIOY

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• LluXvvafIa AB: A apxry (anueia EcpapfIoyrye;), B tit.oca;

• MT]OcVLKO buxvvcua: AB = 0 ¢::> A == B

• METpO btavuoucctoc; IABI = IBAI = (A B) 2 0

• a uovcdnaio ¢::> 10,1 = 1

• a II S ¢::> a tt S ry a t ,,[.. S

• a = S ¢::> a tt S Ka L lal = lSI

• a = -s ¢::> a t ,,[.. S Ka L lal = lSI

• Twvia e=(~)=(~) TWV aJ fIE o~e~n

• Ava, S -:f:- 0, TOTE WXVOVV OL iaobvvauiec: y a tt S ¢::> e = 0 ¢::> cruve = 1

y a t ,,[.. S ¢::> e = n ¢::> cruve = -1

y a II S ¢::> e = 011 n ¢::> cruve = ±1

- - n

y a .L ~ ¢::> e = - ¢::> cruve = 0

2

• LVyKEvTpwvovTae; TOVe; [3aaLKOTEpOVe; TvnoVe; EXOVfIE: y AA=O

y AB = 0 ¢::> A == B

y M ueco TOV AB ¢::> AM = MB y AB=-BA

y AB+Br=Ar

y AB + Ar = M, onov ABT Ll napaAAT]AoypafIfIo. y AB-Ar=rB

y Ilal-ISII < 10, ± SI < 10,1 + lSI y la+S+yl < lal+ISI+lyl

• Na aT]fIELwBEi on Eva buxvuo ua AB uiiooei va ypacpEi:

y we; aBpowfIa ovo OLaVVafIaTwv fIE aruuooi»; ce nAryBoe; -coonoix; AB = Ar+rB = AL'l+L'lB = ...

y we; OLacpopa OVO OLaVVafIaTwv fIE KOLVry apxry fIE aru.ioovc; o e nAryBoe; -cooiiouc:

AB = rB-rA = L'lB-L'lA = ...

y ovvaoxnoei TOV OLaVVafIaTOe; AK we; AB = AK + KB y ovvaoxnoei TOV OLaVVafIaTOe; AB we; AB = AA + AB

y ovvaoxnoei TOV OLaVVafIaTOe; KA we; AB = AK + KA + AB

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{~tta

~ ~ ~

• Av A?: 0, TOU: ~ = Aa ¢::> I~I I~I I~I ~ =IAI a =A a

{~t~a

~ ~ ~

• Av A < 0, TOU: ~ = Aa ¢::> I~I I~I I~I ~ =IAI a =-A a

• IOLoTT]ucC;

./ A(a±S)=Aa±AS

./ (A ± fl) a = Aa ± fla ./ A(fla) = (Afl)a

./ Aa = 0 ¢::> A = 0 11 a = 0

./ AVAa=ASKaLA:;t:O,Tou:a=S ./ Av Aa = fla KaL a:;t: 0, TOU: A = fl

• S vocquuxi»; ovvbvaauoc; TWV aI, a2, ... , av ¢::> S = Al al + A2 a2 + ... + Avav

, - OA+OB

• M flEao TOV AB ¢::> OM = --- 2

• Evv-a uxvutvec Buxvtxnuxioc a:a=(x,y)¢::>a=xl+YJ

_ 'J

• Ava=(x1'Yl) S=( 2 J,TOTEWXVOVV:

"--"- ;; - ~ "I ;;

Y a = 0 ¢::> Xl = 0 1 = .otun: E a:;t: 0 ¢::> Xl :;t: 0 1 :;t:

J J _ _ IJ J

Y a = ~ ¢::> Xl = X2 1 = 2,onOTE a:;t: ~ ¢::> Xl :;t: X2 1:;t: 2

Y a +S = (Xl +X2' Yl +yJ, Aa = (AX1AYl)' Aa + flS = (AXI + flX2,AYl + flyJ

, - ~ (-~) Xl Y 1

Y 0pL(ovaaTWV a,~:det a,~ = =X1Y2-X2YIER

X2 Y2

• L.Vv8ryKT]napaAAT]Aiac;: ailS ¢::>det(aJ)=O¢::> Xl Yl =0 X2 Y2

_ {Ial = ~X2 +y2

• Av a=(x,y), TOTE Y

A~ = -(E~OcrOV x:;t: 0)

a X

• Av a:;t: 0, TOTE EXOVflE:

Y ajjx'x¢::>A~ =0

a

y a II Y'Y ¢::> OcV Opi(ETaL aVVTEAEaTryc; OLEv8vvaT]C; TOV a • Av Opi(OVTaL Ta \x,A~, TOTE WXVOVV OL iaobvvauiec:

y a j(p. ¢::> A~ = A-

I-' a 13

y a l_ R ¢::> A~A- = -1

I-' a 13

• Tcovia ¢ nov aXT]flaTi(EL TO a(a:;t: 0) flE TOV a~ova x'x. IaxvEL E~~ = Au

MA0HMATIKA KATEY0YNl:Hl: B A YKEIOY

C§)I ~

~

~

.~ 1;;:J1t::JJ

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MA0HMATIKA KATEY0YNl:Hl: B AYKEIOY

(eoooov opi(E'[aL 0 A,).

• EaTCu ca onueia A(XI'YI)' B(X2'Y2)' TOTE:

Y TO ueoo M TOV AB EXEL aVVTETaYflEVEC; (Xl; X2 , Y I; Y 2 )

Y OLaVVTETaYflEVEC;TOVOLaVVaflaTOC; AB EiVaL: AB=(X2-XI'Y2-YI) Y TO flETpO TOV OLaVVaflaTOC; AB EiVaL: IABI = ~( X2 - XI)2 + (y 2 - Y 1)2

• Av aJ;t:(J, TOTE as=laIISIGUV~, orwv ~=(~)

• Av a=O ry S=O, TOTE as=O

• To EaUJTEpLKO YLvoflEVO as EivaL Evac; noavucccuo»; apL8floc; KaL 0XL Eva biavvcua, oT]Aaory as E R

• IOLoTT]TEC;

./ as = Sa

./ a l_ S ~ as = 0

./ a2 = lal2 (ottov a2 = a· a)

./ a tt S ~ as = laiiSI ./ at -!, S ~ as = -lallSI

./ (a ±sr = a2 ±2aS+ S2 = lal2 ± 2aS+ ISI2

./ Av a=(XI'YI)J=(X2'Y2),TOTE as=XlX2+YIY2 (EK¢paaT]TOV EaUJTEpLKOV YLvOflEVOV as ovvaoxnoei TWV aVVTETaYflEVWV TWV

aJ)

./ (a + S)(a - S) = a2 - S2 = lal2 -ISI2 = (lal-ISI)(lal + lSI) ./ (Aa)S=a(AS)=A(aS)

./ a(S±y)=aS±ay

./ a l_ S ~ AaA~ = -1, eoooov a, SJc.zY'Y • Tcovia 8 OVO flT] flT]OcVLKWV oLavvawhwv:

18 O~ELa ~ as > 0

as XIX2 +YIY2 --

GUVS = 1_11_1 = I 2 2 I 2 2 KaL SopSY) ~ a~ = 0

a ~ -vXI +YI -vX2 +Y2 --

Sall~AEta ~ a~ < 0

IIQoaoxil! EVOEXETaL va EivaL:

• laSI oF laiiSI (mXvTa ouo»; WXVEL laSI < lallSI)

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• (aSr -:f:- a2 S2 (TUXvTa ouo»; WXVEL (aSr < a2 S2 )

• a(SY)-:f:-(aS)y

Etiionc;

• Ano as = ay Ocv npOKvnTEL on S = Y (aKofI17 KaL av OiVETaL on a -:f:- 0). To awaTo EivaL as = ay ¢:? as-ay = 0 ¢:? a(S-y) = 0 ¢:? a .L (S-y)

• TEAoe; Ocv Opi(OVTaL OL OVV(XfIELe; a3, a4 K.An.

AvaAva17 TOV a ce v avvwTwaEe;: a = al + a2 + ... + av H tuo {3aaLKry neoircuoan EivaL:

Na avaAvBEi TO a ce OVO ovvatrcnaeu; fIE yvwaTEe; OLEVBvvaELe;, EaTw KaTa t.u; OLEVBvvaELe; TWV S KaL y (fIE S~ y). AVTO onuaivei va (3pEBovv al,a2 fIE

al II S, a2 II y U = o.i + a2 .

• A'B' = 1Cpo~aAB = 1CPO~aS

IOLOT17TEe;

./ H 1CPO~aS EivaL Eva buxvuoua

./ 1CPO~a S II a, oturi E 1CPO~a S = Aa ./ as = a· 1CPO~aS

• E~iawa17 ypafIfIrye; C OVOfIa(ETaL fILa E~iawa17 T17e; fIop¢rye; f(X, y) = 0 (fIE OVO

fIETa{3A17TEe; x, y) OTav yLa KaBE cnueio M(xo,yo) WXVEL 17 ioobuvauia

M (xo' Yo) E C ¢:? f( xo' Yo) = o.

• Tcovia w nov aX17fIaTi(EL fILa evneia E fIE TOV a~ova x'x: y IaxvEL naVTa 0 ~ ro ~ 1C

Y Etiionc; w=O¢:?f,llx'x

Y A = f,~w = avvTEAEaTrye; OLEvBvva17e; T17e; E (eooaov s ~'y )

• Av A (Xl' y I)' B( x2' y J EiVaL OVO anuria T17e; E fIE Xl -:f:- x2' TOTE A = Y 2 - Y 1 x2 -Xl

• Av OL EvBEiEe; f,lI f,2 EXOVV avvTEAEaTEe; OLEvBvva17e; AI' A2 aVTiaTOLxa, TOTE

f,l I '». ¢:? Al = A2 f,l l_ f,2 ¢:? AIA2 = -

• Av fILa EvBEia E OLEPXETaL ana TO onueio A(xo,yo) KaL

Y EXEL avvTEAEaTry OLEvBvva17e; A, TOTE EXEL E~iawa17 y - Yo = A (x - xo) Y EivaL KaTaKopV¢17 (f,11 y'y), TOTE EXEL E~iawa17 X =xo'

• Av yLa fILa evneia E EXOVfIE s ~y'y , TOTE 17 E EXEL E~iawa17 T17e; fIop¢rye;

y = AX+~ (A EivaL 0 avvTEAEaTrye; OLEvBvva17e; T17e; E KaL {3 17 TETaYfIEv17 TOV KOLVOV

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ouueio» t.nc; fiE TOV a~ova y'y).

Av Ell s'». TOTE f/ E EXEL E~iawaf/ t.nc; fiOpcprye;

x = Xo t x; EiVaL f/ KOLVry TETfif/fiEVf/ oAwv TWV cnueicov t.nc; E).

• TEVLKry fiOPCPry E~iawaf/e; Ev8Eiae;: Ax + By + I' = a us A -:f:- a ry B -:f:- a

• H evneia fiE E~iawaf/ Ax + By + I' = a EivaL: y napaAAf/Af/ aTO buxvuoua 8 = (B,-A) Y Ka8ETf/ aTO buxvuoua ~ = (A,B)

• A noo-uxcn ouueio» M (xo' Yo) ana Ev8Eia e: Ax + By + I' = a :

( ) IAxo + Byo + r]

d M, E = _'__---;====------'"

.../A2 +B2

• Efi[3aoov TPLYWVOV fiE KOpVcpEe; Ta anuria A, B, T: (ABr) = ~ Idet(AB,Ar)1

E~iawaf/ KVKAov aKTivae; p:

Y (X_XO)2+(Y_YO)2 =p2 (KEVTpoK(xo,Yo)) Y X2 + y2 = p2 (KEVTpO 0(0,0))

Y Movaowioe; KVKAoe; C : X2 + y2 = 1 (KEVTpO 0(0,0) KaL aKTiva p=1)

• E~iawaf/ EcpanTofiEVf/e; KVKAov C : X2 + y2 = p2 (KEVTpOV 0(0,0)) aTO onueio TOV A(XI'YI): XXI +YYI =p2

• H E~iawaf/ X2 + y2 + Ax + By + I' = a napWTaVEL KVKAo, av KaL fiOVO av A2 + B2 -4r > a

\' ' '" K( A Bi ' .JA2+B2-4r

L..Tf/V nEpmTwaf/ aVTf/ TO KEVTpO ELVaL -2' -2) KaL aKTLVa p = 2 .

Oouuu»; napa[3oArye; C, fiE EaTia E KaL OLEv8ETovaa 0: ME C ~ (ME) = d (M, 8) • E~iawaf/ napa[3oArye; C:

Y fiEOLEv8ETovaao:x=-i KaLEaTia E(i,0}y2 =2px

Y fiE OLEv8ETovaa 0: Y = - i KaL EaTia E ( 0, i) : X2 = 2py

• E~iawaf/ EcpanTOfiEVf/e; napa[3oArye; C aTO cnueio t.nc; A (Xl' Y I):

Y Av C :y2 =2px, TOTE C:YYI =p(X+XI) Y Av C:x2=2Py,TOTEC:XXI=p(Y+YI) • AVaKAaaTLKry LOLoTf/Ta ~l = ~2

Oouuu»; EAAELlpf/e; C fiE esniec E', E: ME C ~ (ME') + (ME) = 2a > (E'E)

• A 'A fiEyaAoe; a~ovae;

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• B'B uucooc; a~ovae;

• A, A', B, B' KOpv¢te; HIe; L\'AEL1.jJT]e;

• MryKoe; fiEyaAov a~ova: (A'A) = 2a

• MryKoe; fiLKpOV a~ova: (B'B) = 2{3 • Eo cuxxn caioo-caon: (E'E) = 2y

• IaxvEL a2 = ~2 + t'

• EKKEVTpoTT]Ta e: ° < C = 1_ < 1 a

2 2

• E~iawaT] tAAEL1.jJT]e; fiE ecniec E'(-y,O), E(y,O)::;'+~ = 1 a ~

2 2

• E~iawaT] tAAEL1.jJT]e; fiE eciiec E'(O,-y), E(O,y)::;'+~=l ~ a

2 2

• E~iawaT] E¢anTofitVT]e; tAAEL1.jJT]e; C : ~ + ~ = 1 aTO onueio TT]e; M (xu Y 1):

K A

YnEp{3oAry C fiE eciiec E' Kat E: ME C q I(ME')-(ME)I = 2a, 2a < (E'E) = 2y

2 2

• E~iawaT] vnEp{3oArye; fiE esniec E'( -y,O) Kat E(y,O): :;.-~ = 1, ~2 = y2 - a2 a ~

Y Kopv¢te;: A(a,O), A'(-a,O)

y Aotnmaoru:c: cl : Y = Ix, C2 : Y = _Ix

a a

Y EKKEVTpOTT]Ta: C = 1_ > 1

a

Y OpBoywvw (3aaT]e;: To opBoywvw KilMN fiE Kta, (3), ilea, -(3), M(-a, - (3), N(-a, (3)

Y E~iawaT]E¢anTofitVT]e;aTo P(Xl'Yl):X~l_Y~l =1

a ~

2 2

• E~iawaT] vnEp{3oArye; fiE esniec E'(O,-y) Kat E(O, y): ~-:;. = 1, ~2 = y2 - a2

a ~

Y Kopv¢te;: A(O,a), A'(O,-a)

"'" A ' a a

r aVfinTwTEe;: cl : Y = 13 x, c2 : Y = -13x

Y EKKEVTpoTT]Ta: C = 1_ > 1

a

Y OpBoywvw (3aaT]e;: To opBoywvw KllMN fiE K({3, a), il( -(3, a), M(-{3, - a), N({3, -a)

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MA0HMATIKA KATEY0YNl:Hl: B AYKEIOY

ApXry HIe; fIaB17fIaTLKrye; Enaywyrye;

Eo-teo P(v) Evae; wXvpwfIoe;, VE N. Av

Y WXVELOWXvpwfIoe; p(vo) YWKanow voEN KaL

Y yw KaBEv EN, fIE v > Va' 17 notn aan «av WXVEL 0 Ptv), Go: WXVEL KaL 0 P(v + 1)>> EivaL aA17Brye;, TOTE 0 WXVpWfIoe; P(v) EiVaL aA17Brye; yw oAa Ta V EN us v > Va

• EVKAEioELa buxipecn

Ava, (3 E 2,).lE P -:f:- 0, TOTE vnapxovv uovabixa K, v E 2, dxn:e

a = KP + l) KaL 0 ~ l) ~ IPI. To K ovouot.etca n17AiKo KaL TO V vnoAomo T17e; owipEa17e; TOV a fIE TO {3. Av v = 0, TOTE 17 buxioean caret; ovouai.ct.a: TEAELa. OL ovvaTEe; TLfIEe; TOV imo soino» v EivaL 0,1,2,,, .,IPI-1.

• Ll WLpEToT17Ta

Eo-teo a, {3 E 2,).lE P -:f:- O. TOTE I (0 (3 OLaLpEi TOV a) ¢::> a = KP yw xattoio a

K E 2 ¢::> a = noAp. Iaxvovv:

Y {310

Y Av {31 a, TOTE K{3 I Ka yw KaBEK E 2* KaL {3 I Ka yw KaBEK E 2

Y Aval{3KaL{3la,ToTE a=±p

Y Aval{3KaL{3ly,ToTEaly

Y Av {3 ta KaL {3 I y, TOTE (3 I(Ka + Ay) yw KaBEK,A E 2

Y Av{3la-:f:-O, TOTE IPI~lal.

MA0HMATIKA KATEY0YNl:Hl: B A YKEIOY

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